2021
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108821
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Abstract: Membrane glycoprotein is the most abundant protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but its role in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not been fully characterized. Mice intranasally inoculated with membrane glycoprotein substantially increased the interleukin (IL)-6, a hallmark of the cytokine storm, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), compared to mice inoculated with green fluorescent protein (GFP). The high level of IL-6 induced by membrane glycoprotein was significa… Show more

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Cited by 14 publications
(9 citation statements)
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“…The correlation between the intestinal flora, cytokine levels, and inflammatory markers in patients with COVID-19 suggests that the intestinal flora may participate in the severity of COVID-19 by regulating the host’s immune response [ 80 , 81 ]. In addition, the imbalance of the gut microflora after the disease is resolved may lead to sequelae, which highlights the need to understand how gut microbes are involved in new coronary pneumonia.…”
Section: Immunomodulatory Effects Of Tp-mediated Gut-lung Axis On Cov...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The correlation between the intestinal flora, cytokine levels, and inflammatory markers in patients with COVID-19 suggests that the intestinal flora may participate in the severity of COVID-19 by regulating the host’s immune response [ 80 , 81 ]. In addition, the imbalance of the gut microflora after the disease is resolved may lead to sequelae, which highlights the need to understand how gut microbes are involved in new coronary pneumonia.…”
Section: Immunomodulatory Effects Of Tp-mediated Gut-lung Axis On Cov...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The most important intestinal bacteria metabolites affecting pulmonary immunity is SCFAs, such as propionate, butyrate and acetate ( 140 ). Studies show that intestinal supplementation with many Lactobacillus species can increase SCFAs in the intestine and blood ( 141 145 ). The unmetabolized SCFAs enter the circulation and may affect pulmonary immunity in two ways.…”
Section: Potential Mechanism Of Probiotic Lactobacillus ...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Pham et al showed that L. rhamnosus EH8 strain yielded butyric acid that inhibits the secretion of IL-6 in MQs. In addition, this bacterium leads to the activation of free fatty acid receptor 2 (Ffar2) on the gut axis to suppress IL-6 signaling, which could be a target to treat the cytokine storm in COVID-19 [ 76 ]. Interestingly, a retrospective, single-center study of 311 consecutive heavy patients with confirmed COVID-19 showed that probiotics cannot lower IL-6 levels, but control the ability to moderate immunity and reduce the incidence of secondary infection in COVID-19 patients [ 77 ].…”
Section: Probiotics and Sars-cov2 Cytokine Stormmentioning
confidence: 99%