Gut peptides in the control of food intake

Moran, Timothy H.

doi:10.1038/ijo.2009.9

Cited by 95 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…process involved in the control of body weight (67)(68)(69)(70) . Such a view may explain why people fail to maintain their weight after successfully losing weight through the treatments described above; however, this view fails to explain why the population has been gaining weight over the past 40 years as illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Determinism and The Control Of Food Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Free will and the obesity epidemic

Levitsky

Pacanowski

2011

Public Health Nutr.

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The increase in body weight in the USA over the past several decades is now commonly referred to as the 'obesity epidemic'. An empirical analysis of the literature suggests that the increased weight can be accounted for by an increase in food intake. The solution to the obesity epidemic, therefore, must centre on a reduction in food consumption, a position well accepted by the American population who think that they, as individuals, are responsible for their adiposity by holding the belief that the decision as to what and how much to eat is determined by their own free will. The evidence demonstrates, however, that this is not true. Variables such as portion size, variety of foods offered, fat content of the diet, the number of people eating, the location where eating occurs and even watching food advertisements act as 'food primes' causing individuals to increase their energy intake. Despite the plethora of diets, weight-loss clubs, drugs and mechanical devices available to facilitate weight loss, once treatment is terminated and people return to the 'free' environment, their weight returns to pre-treatment levels. Only when individuals are protected from environmental variables by gastric surgery or limited to consume only portion-controlled meals can they successfully maintain a reduced weight. Combining the technique of daily weight monitoring with accepting that our eating behaviour is not determined totally by our free choice, we may be able to curb the obesity epidemic.

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Section: Determinism and The Control Of Food Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Free will and the obesity epidemic

Levitsky

Pacanowski

2011

Public Health Nutr.

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“…The brain receives continuous information about energy stores and fluxes in critical organs, about the food that is being eaten and absorbed, and about basal and actual energy needs by tissues [10,11]. During food ingestion some of the neurons in the stomach are activated by stretch receptors,…”

Section: Gastric Contractility Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mózg uzyskuje w sposób ciągły informacje o aktualnych zasobach energetycznych ustroju, przepływach energii między narządami waż-nymi dla życia, ilości i składzie przyswajanego pokarmu oraz o bieżących potrzebach energetycznych poszczególnych tkanek [10,11]. Spożyty posiłek aktywuje w ścianie żołądka receptory wrażliwe na rozciągnięcie, co skutkuje powstaniem impulsów elektrycznych z następową zmianą napięcia mięśni gładkich.…”

Section: Modulacja Kurczliwości żOłądkaunclassified

Modulacja kurczliwości żołądka — nowa metoda leczenia cukrzycy typu 2 u osób z otyłością

Kozakowski

Zgliczyński

Tarnowski

2017

Endokrynologia Polska

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Because the majority of antidiabetic medications are of limited efficacy and patient compliance with treatment is usually poor, new therapies are still being searched for. In the review a newly developed system for treatment of subjects with type 2 diabetes and concomitant overweight/obesity is described. The system consists of an implantable pulse generator that delivers electrical stimuli through leads implanted in the sero-muscular layer of the stomach. The device recognises and automatically modulates natural electrical activity of the stomach during meals, strengthening gastric contractility. This increase in the force of contractions enhances vagal afferent activity. Modulated signals are transmitted to the regulatory centres in the brain in order to provoke an early response of the gut typical of a full meal. Clinical trials performed to date show that the system improves glycaemic control with minimal patient compliance needed and with added benefits of body weight loss, a decrease in blood pressure, and favourable changes in the lipid profile. The system is safe, well-tolerated, with a low risk of hypoglycaemia, and will probably become an alternative to the use of incretins or to bariatric surgery in obese patients who are unwilling to undergo a major and anatomically irreversible operation. (Endokrynol Pol 2017; 68 (5): 579-584)

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“…In particular, The Y 2 receptors are present in the basal epithelial layer of the tongue [11,12] and are sensitive to the DPP-IV-cleaved forms of Neuropeptide Y (NPY ) and peptide YY (PYY ) and contribute to feelings of satiety when activated [4,13,14] through its connection to the hypothalamic satiety centers [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Activity and Neuropeptide Y in the Mouth: The Relationship with Body Composition and the Impact of Carbohydrates

Neidert

Babu

Kluess

2016

JNB

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Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) is an enzyme present in the saliva, and its interaction with satiety related hormones is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine possible relationships between salivary DPP-IV activity and body composition. Further, the response of salivary DPP-IV activity to carbohydrates was investigated. We tested 111 people for plasma and saliva DPP-IV activity using a fluorometric assay and Neuropeptide Y 1-36 (NPY) protein using an EIA. Body composition was determined via a DEXA scan. Relationships were determined using regression analysis. In the second part, we tested 28 people on four separate occasions, where the participants either swished and spit or ingested a commercially available sucrose or aspartame sweetened beverage. Saliva and plasma were collected before and after each condition and were processed as described above. Blood glucose was also measured. No relationship was found between salivary DPP-IV activity or NPY 1-36 and any body composition measurement. For Part 2, no change in plasma DPP-IV occurred with any of the conditions, despite an increase in blood glucose with the sucrose-beverage ingestion condition (p<0.05). However, salivary DPP-IV activity was attenuated with all conditions, except aspartame-beverage swish and spit. Salivary NPY 1-36 was not altered by the conditions. The unique finding from this study was that salivary DPP-IV activity was attenuated with sucrose or aspartame beverage, but plasma DPP-IV was unchanged. This result implies that satiety may be reduced when drinking sucrose or aspartame beverages.

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Gut peptides in the control of food intake

Cited by 95 publications

References 37 publications

Free will and the obesity epidemic

Free will and the obesity epidemic

Modulacja kurczliwości żołądka — nowa metoda leczenia cukrzycy typu 2 u osób z otyłością

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Activity and Neuropeptide Y in the Mouth: The Relationship with Body Composition and the Impact of Carbohydrates

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