Gut microbiota modulation: a novel strategy for prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer

Abstract

Research about the role of gut microbiome in colorectal cancer (CRC) is a newly emerging field of study. Gut microbiota modulation, with the aim to reverse established microbial dysbiosis, is a novel strategy for prevention and treatment of CRC. Different strategies including probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) have been employed. Although these strategies show promising results, mechanistically by correcting microbiota composition, modulating innate immune system, enhancing gut barrier function, preventing pathogen colonization and exerting selective cytotoxicity against tumor cells, it should be noted that they are accompanied by risks and controversies that can potentially introduce clinical complications. During bench-to-bedside translation, evaluation of risk-and-benefit ratio, as well as patient selection, should be carefully performed. In view of the individualized host response to gut microbiome intervention, developing personalized microbiome therapy may be the key to successful clinical treatment.

The Oral Microbiome and Cancer

“…Ruminococcaceae, Faecalibacterium, specifically Ruminococcae, Alistipes, and Eubacterium species (196) Renal cell carcinoma Ruminococcaceae, Faecalibacterium, specifically Ruminococcae, Alistipes, and Eubacterium species (196) immunotherapy, or even to conquer opposition-held by nonresponders. To our best information, no clinical preliminaries assessing gut microbiome control and treatment viability are distributed right now (201). A couple of clinical preliminaries are started and now at the selecting stage ( Table 4) in light of Fong et al (201).…”

“…To our best information, no clinical preliminaries assessing gut microbiome control and treatment viability are distributed right now (201). A couple of clinical preliminaries are started and now at the selecting stage ( Table 4) in light of Fong et al (201). It stays dark whether these preclinical discoveries can be effectively meant clinical application.…”

Gut Microbiota Manipulation as a Tool for Colorectal Cancer Management: Recent Advances in Its Use for Therapeutic Purposes

“…A recent randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (NCT03782428) revealed that treatment with six viable microorganisms of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains significantly reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17A, IL-17C, and IL-22 and prevented post-surgical complications as well [ 127 ]. Probiotics are generally considered safe and well-tolerated for healthy subjects, but in patients with underlying medical conditions, their safety profile is uncertain [ 62 ]. Probiotic translocation, which refers to the entry of viable bacteria into extraintestinal sites, leads to the ensuing systemic or localized infections.…”

“…Indeed, various case reports of probiotic-associated bacteremia, endocarditis, liver abscess, and pneumonia have been published [ 128 ]. Nevertheless, another theoretical risk regarding long-term probiotic use is the possible transmission of antibiotic-resistant genes via horizontal gene transfer [ 62 ].…”

A Significant Question in Cancer Risk and Therapy: Are Antibiotics Positive or Negative Effectors? Current Answers and Possible Alternatives

“…As a target for antibiotics action [153], it seems highly likely that diverse levels of microbiota dysbiosis may boost the negative effects of antibiotic exposure on both the enhancement of cancer risk and the efficiency dampening of chemotherapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy protocols. In this context, it seems quite obvious that the introduction in the clinic of strategies that may allow microbiota modulation may be a key step towards providing an optimum biological framework to facilitate cancer prevention and treatment [154]. The decrease in gastric cancer attained by eradicating H. pylori is a clear example of the anticancer potential of microbiota modulation [155].…”