Gut microbiota from Mexican patients with metabolic syndrome and HIV infection: An inflammatory profile

Abstract

Aim A remarkable increase in metabolic syndrome (MetS) has occurred in HIV‐infected subjects. Gut dysbiosis is involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. Therefore, the aim is to explore the profile of the gut microbiota in Mexican population with HIV infection and MetS. Methods and Results In all, 30 HIV‐infected patients with MetS were compared to a group of 30 patients without MetS, treated with integrase inhibitors and undetectable viral load were included in the study. Stool samples were analysed by 16S rRNA next‐generation sequencing. High‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein >3 mg L−1 and higher scores in cardiometabolic indices were associated with MetS. The group with MetS was characterized by a decrease in α‐diversity, higher abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Prevotella, as well as a dramatic decrease in bacteria producing short‐chain fatty acids. Prevotella negatively correlated with Akkermansia, Lactobacillus and Anaerostipes. Interestingly, the group without MetS presented higher abundance of Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, Anaerofilum, Oscillospira and Anaerostipes. Functional pathways related to energy metabolism and inflammation were increased in the group with MetS. Conclusions HIV‐infected patients with MetS present a strong inflammatory microbiota profile; therefore, future strategies to balance intestinal dysbiosis should be implemented.

Identifying the Novel Gut Microbial Metabolite Contributing to Metabolic Syndrome in Children Based on Integrative Analyses of Microbiome-Metabolome Signatures

“…Thus, it was meaningful to study obesity separately from MS, which allowed the researchers to obtain some new microbial biomarkers. Notably, the partially altered genera in our study were also consistent with the results of studies that analyzed other metabolic diseases ( 28 – 30 ). These findings indicated that gut dysbiosis existed in children with MS ( 31 ).…”

Pilot study on the efficacy and safety of berberine in people with metabolic syndrome and human immunodeficiency virus infection

“…Metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by decreased glucose tolerance and increased insulin resistance, is gaining importance due to increased prevalence and earlier presentation in the HIV-positive population, predisposing them to cardiovascular diseases. 1–3…”

“…Metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by decreased glucose tolerance and increased insulin resistance, is gaining importance due to increased prevalence and earlier presentation in the HIV-positive population, predisposing them to cardiovascular diseases. [1][2][3] Prevalence of MetS in HIV ranges from 7% to 45%. 4,5 Among Latin American PLWH receiving ART, it has been reported up to 20.2%.…”

“…6 Some studies have investigated the pathophysiology and relation between MetS and cardiovascular complications in HIV infection. 3,7 Maloberti et al reported a higher prevalence of MetS in PLWH receiving ART (19.4%) and treatmentnaive (13.8%) compared to HIV-negative controls (4.5%), suggesting that HIV infection per se plus HIV-related chronic immune activation are critical factors linked with these comorbidities. 8 Other coexisting circumstances, such as immune system dysregulation, chronic bacterial translocation, proinflammatory states, endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulable state, adipocyte dysfunction, and activation of the reninangiotensin-aldosterone-system have been well recognized in HIV infection and are conditions related with some components of MetS and higher cardiovascular risk.…”

“…14,15 Additionally, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and PIs may be associated with an increased risk of developing MetS by 2.4 times. 3 For all these reasons, ART is now recognized as another metabolic risk factor. 2 The management of MetS can be divided into nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic.…”