Gut Microbiota and Vascular Diseases: An Update

Abstract

Vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, aneurysms, and vascular calcification, are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In past decades, the gut microbiota has been found to be an indispensable population exerting effects on hosts under physiological and pathological conditions. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites, such as trimethylamine-N-oxide and short-chain fatty acids, mediate these effects by regulating vascular cells systematically. Translation of research knowledge to clinical scenarios has led to the development of new therapies including dietary interventions and metabolite inhibitors. This review describes recent advancements in understanding of the interplay between the gut microbiota and vascular dysfunction, and potential treatments for vascular diseases.

Updated mechanisms of MASLD pathogenesis

“…Gut microbes (GM) play a pivotal role in metabolic homeostasis, and disruptions in gut microbial homeostasis can lead to the development of a variety of metabolic disorders, including MASLD [ 107 , 108 ]. Dysbiosis of the intestinal flora may increase the permeability of the intestinal barrier, which leads to enhanced absorption of fatty acids [ 109 ].…”