Gut microbiome and dietary patterns in different Saudi populations and monkeys

Abstract

Host genetics, environment, lifestyle and proximity between hosts strongly influence the composition of the gut microbiome. To investigate the association of dietary variables with the gut microbiota, we used 16S rDNA sequencing to test the fecal microbiome of Bedouins and urban Saudis and we compared it to the gut microbiome of baboons living in close contact with Bedouins and eating their leftovers. We also analyzed fermented dairy products commonly consumed by Bedouins in order to investigate their impact on the gut microbiome of this population. We found that the gut microbiomes of westernized urban Saudis had significantly lower richness and biodiversity than the traditional Bedouin population. The gut microbiomes of baboons were more similar to that of Bedouins compared to urban Saudis, probably due the dietary overlap between baboons and Bedouins. Moreover, we found clusters that were compositionally similar to clusters identified in humans and baboons, characterized by differences in Acinetobacter, Turicibacter and Collinsella. The fermented food presented significantly more bacteria genera common to the gut microbiome of Bedouins compared to urban Saudis. These results support the hypothesis that dietary habits influence the composition of the gut microbiome.

Gut microbiota of provisioned and wild rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) living in a limestone forest in southwest Guangxi, China

“…The effects of the environment on the gut microbiota are strongly associated with diet (Amato et al, 2016;Barelli et al, 2015;Gomez et al, 2015;Scott, Gratz, Sheridan, Flint, & Duncan, 2013), with the gut microbiome of mammals exhibiting varied responses to altered dietary patterns (Angelakis et al, 2016;David et al, 2014;Muegge et al, 2011). For example, the gut microbiome of US immigrants from non-Western countries is characterized by reduced diversity and functional losses compared with those of preimmigration and newly arrived individuals (Vangay et al, 2018).…”

Metagenomic and Metabonomic Profiling provide insights into AIDS resistance in African Green Monkey

“…Previous studies have almost explored the gut microbiota of different monkey species using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, of which little information on gene identity and function of the gut microbiome was revealed [25][26][27][28]. This study aims to compare pro les the gut microbiome and metabolites of AGM_P, AGM_N, CM and RM through metagenomic and metabonomic sequencing.…”

‘Lysinibacillus saudimassiliensis’ sp. nov., a new bacterial species isolated from air samples in the urban environment of Makkah, Saudi Arabia

“…As a part of a wider culturomics [1] and metagenomics study [2] in Saudi Arabia, we isolated a new bacterium, strain 13S34_air Τ , from two air samples in the urban environment of Makkah, Saudi Arabia, during the pilgrim period of Hajj 2012. For each air sample, a volume of 1 m 3 was collected with a FCC-IV biological air sampler (AES Laboratories, Combourg, France) mounted with a nutrient agar plate containing the antifungal agent amphotericin (Majed Al-Buqami Co. BMC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) according to the manufacturer's instructions.…”