2021
DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02375-0
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Abstract: The search for therapeutic targets for Parkinson’s disease (PD) is hindered by the incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an area with high potential. The neurobiological signaling connections between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system are incompletely understood. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the gut microbiota participates in the pathogenesis of PD. Gut microbial dysbiosis may contribute to the loss of dopaminergic neurons through… Show more

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Cited by 22 publications
(14 citation statements)
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“…A complex system of cross-interactions between the gut microbiota, the ENS and the CNS has been proposed to describe the phenomenon [ 201 ]. The gut microbiota converts substrates into various metabolites including short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), niacinamide (NAM), bile acids (BA), and neurotransmitters [ 202 , 203 ]. Studies have shown that SCFA and extracellular fibers, such as curli produced by gastrointestinal microorganisms, can influence αSyn aggregation and motor dysfunction [ 204 ].…”
Section: Gastrointestinal (Gi) Tract In Pathogenesis Of Pdmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…A complex system of cross-interactions between the gut microbiota, the ENS and the CNS has been proposed to describe the phenomenon [ 201 ]. The gut microbiota converts substrates into various metabolites including short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), niacinamide (NAM), bile acids (BA), and neurotransmitters [ 202 , 203 ]. Studies have shown that SCFA and extracellular fibers, such as curli produced by gastrointestinal microorganisms, can influence αSyn aggregation and motor dysfunction [ 204 ].…”
Section: Gastrointestinal (Gi) Tract In Pathogenesis Of Pdmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Ursodesoxy cholic acid (UDCA) or tauro ursodesoxy cholic acid (TUDCA) treatment improved motor performance, ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation, and prevented the decline of striatal dopamine content in various PD models [ 203 ]. TUDCA is an anti-apoptotic agent that upregulates mitophagy and can upregulate the expression of PINK1 and parkin in SH-SY5Y cells to accelerate the clearance of damaged mitochondria, promoting the survival of damaged neurons [ 327 ].…”
Section: Treatment and Optimization Of The Condition Of Patients With Pdmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Laboratory and clinical research suggested that the well-known mitochondrial disorder responsible for different pathological states may come from an imbalance of the microbial regulation [185][186][187]. Microbiota-mitochondria disorders have been described in gastrointestinal diseases, such as in newonset Crohn's disease [188], in chronic intestinal inflammation and cancer [69], in neuropsychiatric diseases like autism [189], Parkinson's disease [190], Alzheimer's disease [179], post-traumatic stress disorder [191], depression [192], chronic fatigue syndrome [193], in metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes [194], in chronic Marijuana users [195], in exercise [196], in aging [197], and recently in COVID-19 [198]. Here below we discuss influences and potential benefits of some microbial metabolites and compounds on AMD.…”
Section: Microbial Metabolitesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The gut bacterial microbiota is suggested either to contribute to reactive species, including ROS, generation and/or to interfere with antioxidant defense [127,128]. In Parkinson's disease, gut bacterial microbiota dysbiosis, including with low abundance of bacterial SCFAs, and reduced plasma levels of NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and TUDCA (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid), could contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction [128,129,131]. Bacterial produced SCFA butyrate prevents mitochondrial bioenergetic failure by providing acetyl-CoA, bacterial produced TUDCA is an anti-apoptotic metabolites that upregulates mitophagy, and regulates OXPHOS complex I, and bacterial produced NAM (nicotinamide), the amide form of niacin, contributes to regulate the plasma level of NAD, which improves mitochondrial function, including energy generation [131].…”
Section: Bacterial Microbiota As a Key Player In The Rsi-mitochondria...mentioning
confidence: 99%