Gut microbial metabolites in health and disease

Flint, Harry J.

doi:10.1080/19490976.2016.1182295

Cited by 38 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…Butyrate is produced from acetate, lactate, amino acids and various carbohydrates via glycolysis from two different pathways, the butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase or the phosphotransbutyrylase and butyrate kinase pathway. Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization probes and PCR, Flint and colleagues have shown that specific families belonging to the Clostridiales order (Firmicutes) have the capabilities to produce butyrate: Lachnospiraceae ( Coprococcus , Eubacterium , Anaerostipes and Roseburia ), Ruminococcaceae ( Faecalibacterium and Subdoligranulum ) and Erysipelotrichaceae ( Holdemanella ) (24–26) . The butyrate-producing capability of Clostridiales has been confirmed using in vitro culture in other genera such as Clostridium , Butyrivibrio , Lachnoclostridium , Marvinbryantia , Oscillibacter , Flavonifractor , Erysipelatoclostridium , Anaerotruncus , Dorea , Blautia and Ruminiclostridium (27,28) .…”

Section: Scfa Production and Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

SCFA: mechanisms and functional importance in the gut

et al. 2020

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In recent years, the importance of the gut microbiota in human health has been revealed and many publications have highlighted its role as a key component of human physiology. Owing to the use of modern sequencing approaches, the characterisation of the microbiome in healthy individuals and in disease has demonstrated a disturbance of the microbiota, or dysbiosis, associated with pathological conditions. The microbiota establishes a symbiotic crosstalk with their host: commensal microbes benefit from the nutrient-rich environment provided by the gut and the microbiota produces hundreds of proteins and metabolites that modulate key functions of the host, including nutrient processing, maintenance of energy homoeostasis and immune system development. Many bacteria-derived metabolites originate from dietary sources. Among them, an important role has been attributed to the metabolites derived from the bacterial fermentation of dietary fibres, namely SCFA linking host nutrition to intestinal homoeostasis maintenance. SCFA are important fuels for intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and regulate IEC functions through different mechanisms to modulate their proliferation, differentiation as well as functions of subpopulations such as enteroendocrine cells, to impact gut motility and to strengthen the gut barrier functions as well as host metabolism. Recent findings show that SCFA, and in particular butyrate, also have important intestinal and immuno-modulatory functions. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and the impact of SCFA on gut functions and host immunity and consequently on human health.

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Section: Scfa Production and Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

SCFA: mechanisms and functional importance in the gut

et al. 2020

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“…They are end products of fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates such as starch and fibre, by anaerobic microbiota in the caecum and large intestine [68]. SCFAs are the most abundant metabolite in the colon and consist almost entirely of acetate (C2), propionate (C3) and butyrate (C4) [69]. Acetate is the most common SCFA (60% of total SCFAs) in the colon and can also reach the systemic circulation after absorption from the GI tract.…”

Section: Short-chain Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Microbial Metabolites in the Gastrointestinal Microenvironment on Anticancer Immunity

Neumann¹,

Peyroux²,

Woodall³

et al. 2020

Current Cancer Treatment

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The gastrointestinal (GI) tumour microenvironment is characterised by its unique colonisation with bacteria that are estimated to match the total number of cells in our body. It is becoming increasingly clear that the microbiome and its metabolites are important orchestrators of local and systemic immune responses, anticancer immunity and the host response to cancer therapy. Apart from their role as an energy source, metabolites have been shown to modulate inflammation, immune cell function and cancer cell survival. The polarisation of immune cell subsets by microbial metabolites towards either pro-or antitumorigenic functions strongly affects cancer progression and outcomes. In this chapter, we will discuss the link between microbial metabolites in the GI tumour microenvironment, anticancer immune responses and cancer progression.

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“…Bacterial metabolites were indicated to have an epigenetic function. Therefore, xenobiotic metabolism of gut microbiota is essential issue fo future studies and enzymes discovery [59,[72][73][74][75].…”

Section: Molecular Mechanisms Of Probiotic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Individualized Use of Probiotics and Prebiotics for Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Diseases Treatment: Does Pathophysiology-Based Approach Work and Can Anticipated Evidence Be Completed?

Bubnov¹,

Spivak²

2018

Preprint

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The modification the gut microbiota in metabolic syndrome and associated chronic diseases is among leading tasks of microbiome research and needs for clinical use of probiotics. Evidence lack for the implications for microbiome modification to improve metabolic health in particular when applied impersonalized. Probiotics have tremendous potential in personalized nutrition and medicine to develop healthy diets. The aim was to to conduct comprehensive overview of recent updates of role of microbiota on human health and development of metabolic syndrome and efficacy of microbiota modulation considering specific properties of probiotic strain and particular aspects of metabolic syndrome and patient`s phenotype to fill the gap between probiotic product and individual to facilitate development of individualized / personalized probiotic and prebiotic treatments. We discuss the relevance of using host phenotype-associated biomarkers, those based on imaging and molecular and patrient`s history, reliable and accessible to facilitate person-specific appication of probiotics and prebiotic substances. Microbiome phenotypes can be parameters of predictive medicine to recognize patient`s predispositions and evaluate treatment responses; the number of phenotype markers can be effectively involved to monitor microbiome modulation. The studied strain-dependent properties of probiotic strains are potentially relevant for individualized treatment for gut and distant sites microbiome modulation. The evidence regarding probiotic strains properties can be taken to account via pathophysiology-based approach for most effective individualized treatment via gut, oral and vaginal and other sites microbiome modulation according to phenotype of the patient providing individualized and personalized medical approaches. Preventive potential of probiotics is strong and well-documented. Recommendations for individualized clinical use of probiotics, and for probiotic studies design have been suggested.

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Gut microbial metabolites in health and disease

Cited by 38 publications

References 6 publications

SCFA: mechanisms and functional importance in the gut

SCFA: mechanisms and functional importance in the gut

The Influence of Microbial Metabolites in the Gastrointestinal Microenvironment on Anticancer Immunity

Towards Individualized Use of Probiotics and Prebiotics for Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Diseases Treatment: Does Pathophysiology-Based Approach Work and Can Anticipated Evidence Be Completed?

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