Gut hormone profiles in preterm and term infants during the first 2 months of life

Kawamata, Ryou; Suzuki, Yume; Yada, Yukari; Koike, Yasunori; Kono, Yoshiaki; Yada, Toshihiko; Takahashi, Naoto

doi:10.1515/jpem-2013-0385

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Karakosta et al calculated gender-specific reference intervals for leptin levels in cord blood in 398 healthy neonates in Crete and found that females had higher levels of this hormone than males [25]. Leptin levels have been shown to be consistently higher in females than in males later in life [26], [27]. We hypothesize that these differences are related to differences in body composition or hormone levels in males and females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Serum Reference Values for Leptin in Healthy Infants

et al. 2014

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ObjectiveReports on leptin concentrations in pediatric populations lack reference values for infants in the first months of life. Our study was conducted on healthy full-term infants between 2002 and 2012 to determine serum leptin reference values in subjects less than 18 months old.MethodsRoutine outpatient blood tests for serum leptin were performed on 317 infants using a radioimmunoassay method. The median and 10th–90th percentiles were calculated to obtain reference values using quantile regression. Values established in this study were compared with another independent cohort of 110 infants.ResultsThe median (IQR) serum leptin concentration in the infants was 2.37 (3.26) ng/ml (n = 317). The median leptin concentration was 2.81 (3.49) ng/ml (n = 202) in infants younger than 6 months of age, 1.44 (2.27) ng/ml (n = 59) in infants between 6–12 months of age and 1.77 (2.05) ng/ml (n = 56) in infants between 12–18 months of age. We obtained leptin reference values based on age by estimating the lower and upper percentiles. In the entire cohort, the median (IQR) leptin concentration was 2.22 (3.11) ng/ml in males (n = 168) and 2.60 (3.32) ng/ml in females (n = 149). According to the type of feeding median serum leptin concentration was higher in breast-fed infants (n = 188) than in formula-fed infants (n = 129) (2.63 (3.34) ng/ml vs. 2.12 (2.77) ng/ml; p<0.05).ConclusionsOur data revealed no gender difference in leptin concentration in early infancy. After 6 months of life, leptin concentrations decreased slightly. We used a large cohort to confirm that breast-fed infants had significantly higher serum leptin levels than formula-fed infants during the first 6 months of life, although this difference disappeared later in life. In this study, we defined the leptin reference range in healthy infants in the first 18 months of life according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Serum Reference Values for Leptin in Healthy Infants

et al. 2014

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“…Three gut hormones released in response to feeding and with effects on gut growth and function are gastrin released from gastric G cells, glucose-dependent insulin-trophic hormone (GIP) from (proximal) intestinal K cells and glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) from (distal) intestinal L cells. Preterm infants show elevated levels of these GI hormones, compared with term infants and adults, and they are sensitive to enteral stimuli (1,16,27). During total parenteral nutrition (TPN), in the absence of enteral food, administration of the gut tropic hormone, GLP-2, markedly improves gut growth and adaptation in preterm and term pigs (9,36,38), but the role of this and other GI hormones on later GI development remains unknown.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rapid gut growth but persistent delay in digestive function in the postnatal period of preterm pigs

Hansen

Thymann

Andersen

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Preterm infants often tolerate full enteral nutrition a few weeks after birth but it is not known how this is related to gut maturation. Using pigs as models, we hypothesized that intestinal structure and digestive function are similar in preterm and term individuals at 3-4 wk after birth and that early enteral nutrition promotes maturation. Preterm or term cesareandelivered pigs were fed total parenteral nutrition, or partial enteral nutrition [Enteral (Ent), 16 -64 ml·kg Ϫ1 ·day Ϫ1 of bovine colostrum] for 5 days, followed by full enteral milk feeding until day 26. The intestine was collected for histological and biochemical analyses at days 0, 5, and 26 (n ϭ 8 -12 in each of 10 treatment groups). Intestinal weight (relative to body weight) was reduced in preterm pigs at 0 -5 days but ENT feeding stimulated the mucosal volume and peptidase activities. Relative to term pigs, mucosal volume remained reduced in preterm pigs until 26 days although plasma glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) and glucose-dependent insulin-trophic peptide (GIP) levels were increased. Preterm pigs also showed reduced hexose absorptive capacity and brush-border enzyme (sucrase, maltase) activities at 26 days, relative to term pigs. Intestinal structure shows a remarkable growth adaptation in the first week after preterm birth, especially with enteral nutrition, whereas some digestive functions remain immature until at least 3-4 wk. It is important to identify feeding regimens that stimulate intestinal maturation in the postnatal period of preterm infants because some intestinal functions may show long-term developmental delay. prematurity; gut development; enzymes; digestion; glucagon-like peptide 2 ABOUT 10% OF ALL INFANTS are born preterm (Ͻ37 weeks of gestation) and the proportion is increasing in most countries (6). Preterm infants show an increased susceptibility to infections, respiratory distress syndrome, intracranial hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, extrauterine growth restriction, neurodevelopmental disturbances, and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (21, 31). The challenges are inversely related to gestational age at birth and the most severe adaptation problems occur during the first few weeks after birth. If preterm infants survive the difficult neonatal period, their body functions often adapt well, although some organ systems may show long-term developmental delay or deficits (18). It remains unknown how different organ systems adapt in preterm infants and when parameters of structure and function become similar to those in term infants. For gastrointestinal (GI) functions, eating disorders and dysregulated appetite have been reported in preterm infants (44) but very little is known about the long-term adaptation of the GI tract in preterm neonates.Investigations of postnatal GI adaptation in preterm neonates are difficult without an animal model that combines preterm birth, high NEC risk, and clinically relevant feeding interventions, such as parenteral and enteral nutrition. Piglets delivere...

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“…In line with these statements, some studies demonstrated that a rapid weight catch-up in early infancy, often detected in premature and SGA children, may affect both, the degree of adiposity and the IR, as well as leptin concentrations [55]. Toprak et al [56] and Kawamata et al [57] reported an increase in leptin levels in preterm infants after 30 days of life and aftersix weeks of follow-up, respectively, accompanied by an increase in body weight and subcutaneous AT [56]. However, in another study [58], leptin levels did not differ significantly among children born preterm or full-term, and no association between leptin and catch-up growth was observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Plasma Adipokines Profile in Prepubertal Children with a History of Prematurity or Extrauterine Growth Restriction

et al. 2020

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Adipose tissue programming could be developed in very preterm infants with extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR), with an adverse impact on long-term metabolic status, as was studied in intrauterine growth restriction patterns. The aim of this cohort study was to evaluate the difference in levels of plasma adipokines in children with a history of EUGR. A total of 211 school age prepubertal children were examined: 38 with a history of prematurity and EUGR (EUGR), 50 with a history of prematurity with adequate growth (PREM), and 123 healthy children born at term. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, metabolic markers and adipokines (adiponectin, resistin, leptin) were measured. Children with a history of EUGR showed lower values of adiponectin (μg/mL) compared with the other two groups: (EUGR: 10.6 vs. PREM: 17.7, p < 0.001; vs. CONTROL: 25.7, p = 0.004) and higher levels of resistin (ng/mL) (EUGR: 19.2 vs. PREM: 16.3, p =0.007; vs. CONTROL: 7.1, p < 0.001. The PREM group showed the highest values of leptin (ng/mL), compared with the others: PREM: 4.9 vs. EUGR: 2.1, p = 0.048; vs. CONTROL: 3.2, p = 0.029). In conclusion, EUGR in premature children could lead to a distinctive adipokines profile, likely associated with an early programming of the adipose tissue, and likely to increase the risk of adverse health outcomes later in life.

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Gut hormone profiles in preterm and term infants during the first 2 months of life

Abstract: Serum concentrations of different gut hormones changed postnatally in their specific ways in preterm infants.

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

Serum Reference Values for Leptin in Healthy Infants

Serum Reference Values for Leptin in Healthy Infants

Rapid gut growth but persistent delay in digestive function in the postnatal period of preterm pigs

Plasma Adipokines Profile in Prepubertal Children with a History of Prematurity or Extrauterine Growth Restriction

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