Guidelines for fertilizer use in vineyards based on nutrient content of grapevine parts

Abstract

a b s t r a c tPlant analysis plays a major role in fertilizer recommendations for perennial tree crops and vines. Plant analysis, however, does not quantify the rate of nutrients to apply. The approach developed in this work takes into account the content of the nutrients in grapevine parts and their dynamic within the plant to assist in the estimation of the amount of fertilizer to apply. Groups of three vines were cut at ground level on four different dates from September 14th to November 28th. On the first sampling date the vines were separated into trunk, cordons, canes, leaves and clusters for determination of dry matter content and elemental composition. On the following dates the vines were separated into the plant parts that were still present, since the clusters were only present on the first sampling date and the leaves on the first two. To assess the mobility of nutrients within the plant, samples of phloem vessels and sawdust of the entire trunk were taken as well as samples of chlorotic and green leaves. Nitrogen (N), potassium (K), phosphorus (P) and boron (B) showed mobility within the plant whereas calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) did not. The removal of nutrients in clusters is critical for estimating N and K fertilizer rates. Clusters removed 19.9 kg N ha −1 and 28.7 kg K ha −1 . In the case of N, it is also important to assess the system's ability to recycle the nutrient contained in the leaves and canes which amounted to 49.4 kg N ha −1 . Phosphorus, calcium and magnesium applications might not justify being taken into account in the annual fertilization plan. Thus, the establishment of the fertilization programme should be a nutrient-specific exercise which takes into account all sources of information, including target yield and nutrient content in clusters, the vineyard management strategies influencing nutrient use efficiency from fallen leaves and prunings and soil testing and plant analysis.

Estado nutricional, produção e composição das uvas de Niágara Rosada submetidas à aplicação de composto orgânico

“…As concentrações totais de N, P, K, Ca e Mg na baga também não apresentaram efeito para o local de aplicação do composto, linha ou entrelinha, e para a interação entre as doses de composto orgânico e o local de aplicação (Tabela 2). No entanto, a aplicação de doses crescentes de composto orgânico no solo aumentou a concentração total de N nas bagas e diminuiu a concentração total de Mg. O aumento da concentração de N nas bagas pode estar associado ao incremento do teor de N no solo, promovido pelo aumento da dose de composto orgânico (Carneiro et al, 2013), mas que não foi diagnosticado pela análise da sua concentração total nas folhas (Tabela 2) porque pode ter sido remobilizado para os frutos (Arrobas et al, 2014). Já a diminuição na concentração total de Mg nas bagas com o aumento da aplicação do composto pode ser explicado, possivelmente, por um aumento do teor de K trocável no solo que, por causa do seu efeito antagônico com o Mg, pode diminuir a absorção de Mg do solo pelas raízes (Mafra et al, 2011;Rodrigues, et al, 2013b).…”

TEMPORAL VARIATION AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF RELATIVE INDICES OF LEAF CHLOROPHYLL IN GRAPEVINE cv. CHARDONNAY

“…Therefore, in addition to leaf age, plant nitrogen (N) dynamics stands out as one of the factors that may explain pigment content variation, because this element is directly related to chlorophyll content. According to Arrobas et al (2014), the reduction in N content throughout the grapevine cycle can also be attributed to the remobilization of this nutrient to the plant's perennial structures, as well as loss to the atmosphere. According to the previously mentioned authors, this is evidenced by the comparison between the concentration of N in chlorotic leaves and in green leaves and by the concomitant increase in N content in the woody parts of the plant.…”

“…This is possible because the measurement given by this instrument correlates with leaf N content. These results were also related to the determination of the optimal phase for leaf sampling for the inference of the nutritional status of the grapevine, because the sampling timing affects the diagnosis of the concentration of mineral nutrients in the plant (Arrobas et al, 2014). In grapevine crops, it is more appropriate to perform nutritional assessment in samples of leaves collected during full flowering and at the onset of fruit maturation.…”

Mineral nutrition evolution in the formation of fruit tree rootstocks and seedlings

“…Foliar diagnosis in fruit tree rootstocks and seedlings -Foliar diagnosis is the most reliable method to assess the nutritional status of plants (ARROBAS et al, 2014), and consists of evaluating soil fertility using plants as extractors. The higher reliability can be explained by the fact that soil is a heterogeneous medium, subject to several interactions that may compromise nutrient uptake by plants, even when fertility is high.…”

“…Leaf nutrient content varies according to species (GALVEZ-SOLA et al, 2015), cultivar, sampling period (CARVALHO et al, 2011;AMIRI et al, 2014;ARROBAS et al, 2014), leaf age, analyzed organ (ARROBAS et al, 2014) and rootstock (AMIRI et al, 2014;HROTKÓ et al, 2014;ZAMBROSI et al, 2013), among other factors. As a consequence of these variations, the ideal nutrient content must be specified for each plant species; the plant part also has to be indicated and, in some cases, the growth phase to which values relate should also be pointed out (MAARSCHALKERWEERD; HUSTED, 2015).…”