Guidelines for diagnosis and management of community-and hospital-acquired pneumonia in adults: Joint ICS/NCCP(I) recommendations

Management and outcome of community acquired pneumonia: hospital based study

“…6 Joint ICS/NCCP (I) guidelines published in the year 2012 mentioned that mortality rates across India vary from 3.3% to 11%. 3 Our study has limitations like hospital-based small sample size reducing external validity of the study results. Further better designed studies will help in the analysis of treatment response patterns and outcome of disease which may help in designing prevention and better management strategies.…”

“…The guidelines suggested avoiding the fluoroquinolones use for treatment of CAP as it is also effective against tuberculosis and can mask the tuberculosis infection. 3 Prasad and Bhat studied the clinical and microbiological profile of CAP at a tertiary care centre in Mangalore, Karnataka and reported that amoxiclav and levofloxacin were effective against Streptococcus pneumoniae with around 20% drug resistance. Cefuroxime, amoxiclav and azithromycin were effective against H. Influenza with around 6%, 23% and 13% resistance respectively.…”

“…[1][2][3] Despite progress in the diagnostic and therapeutic spectrum of the disease, it still has a significant morbidity as well as mortality associated with it. Data related to investigation profile and therapy as well as morbidity and mortality for the community acquired pneumonia are available from the different geographic regions across the country.…”

Epidemiology, microbiology and treatment implications in adult patients hospitalized with pneumonia in different regions of China: a retrospective study

“…The Gram-negative bacilli that were most frequently isolated included A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. The high isolation rate of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa is interesting, given that these are well-known HAP pathogens (21)(22)(23)(24), but uncommonly involved in CAP. K. pneumoniae is commonly involved in both CAP and HAP in Asia, Europe and North America, with the highest association with CAP evident in Asia and developing countries (25)(26)(27).…”

“…K. pneumoniae is commonly involved in both CAP and HAP in Asia, Europe and North America, with the highest association with CAP evident in Asia and developing countries (25)(26)(27). The total number of isolates tested was 30 for all except oxacillin and cefazolin [20], ceftriaxone [5], imipenem [14], levofloxacin [19], teicoplanin [12], cefuroxime [4] for 2008-10; and 36 for all except oxacillin and levofloxacin [34], cefazolin [21], ceftriaxone [16], imipenem [27], teicoplanin [4], cefuroxime [9] for 2011-2013.…”