“…The models include Fluid Process Algebra (FPA) [78,79], Fluid Extended Process Algebra (FEPA) [80,57], heterogenous systems specified by ordinary differential equations (ODEs) [81], chemical reaction networks (CRNs) [30], Intermediate Drift Oriented Language (IDOL) [31] and product form queueing networks (QNs) [3]. The most recent results on this subject are forward and backward equivalences (FE and BE) on the polynomial ODE systems [32] and polynomial dynamical systems (PDSs) [77], approximate back and forth differential equivalences (ε-BDE and ε-FDE) for polynomial initial value problem (PIVP) over the ODE variables [34], syntactic Markovian bisimulation (SMB) equivalence on CRNs with stochastic CTMC-based semantics [33,77], and also L-bisimulation equivalence on the polynomials in the variables for systems of polynomial ODEs [27]. Again, all the mentioned relations are not traditional behavioural equivalences, since FE, BE, ε-BDE, ε-FDE and L-bisimulation are defined for the ODE system specifications that include no action symbols while SMB considers species instead of actions.…”