Growth promoting effects of some lichen metabolites on probiotic bacteria

Abstract

In the present study, the extract of four natural lichen species Canoparmelia eruptens, Everniastrum cirrhatum, Parmotrema austrosinense and Rimelia cetrata were studied for the source of natural antioxidant and their purified secondary metabolites were evaluated for growth promoting effects on probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus casei. The methanolic fraction of lichen species showed moderate to high antioxidant activity in the order P. austrosinense > E. cirrhatum > C. eruptens > R. cetrata. The lichen metabolites showed antioxidant activity with an IC 50 values (μg/ml); lecanoric acid 79-95, salazinic 88-108, atranorin 100-116 and consalazinic acid 119-125. As far as the growth promoting effects of lichen metabolites on L. casei is concerned, lecanoric acid at 100 μg/ml conc. showed high growth stimulating activity in terms of increased dry matter of biomass (56.08 mg) of L. casei. Other lichen metabolites; salazinic acid, atranorin and consalazinic acid produced relatively less dry biomass 43.98 mg, 41.1 mg, 40.68 mg, respectively. However, standard antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and Trolox after 36 h produced 39.04-47.81 mg dry biomass. At lower pH the growth promoting activity of lichen metabolites was found stable.

Anti-lipoxygenase, Radical Scavenging and Antimicrobial Activities of Lichen Species of Genus Heterodermia (Physciaceae)

“…Structures for more than 1050 dif fe rent lichen substances have been reported to date (Mol nar & Farkas 2010, StockerWorgotter 2008. The li chen substances and li chen extracts exert a remarkable va rie ty of biological effects; antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, an ti pro tozoal, antiherbi vore, antimutagenic, antioxidant, an ti tu mor, an ti ulcerogenic, antinociceptive, antipyretic, antiinflammatory, antiprolifer ative and cytotoxic effects, car dio vascular protective, gluco sidase inhibitory and probiotic sti mu lating activities (Muller 2001, Behera et al 2005a,b, 2012, Ran ko vic 2007, Verma et al 2011, Mahadik et al 2011, Manojlovic et al 2012, Gaikwad et al 2014. Des pite of these manifold activities of lichen metabolites been re cognized, their therapeutic poten tial has not yet been fully ex plo red and thus remains pharma ceutically unexploited (Cri t tenden & Porter 1991).…”

Radical scavenging, prolyl endopeptidase inhibitory, and antimicrobial potential of a cultured Himalayan lichenCetrelia olivetorum

“…Currently, 1050 secondary metabolites are known which are unique to lichens (Stocker-Worgotter, 2008; Verma & Behera, 2015). Bioactivity studies on lichen metabolites reported in recent years indicate their therapeutic potential in terms of natural antioxidants, antimicrobial, anticancer, probiotic, anti-angiogenic, and cardiovascular protective agents Gaikwad et al, 2014;Koparal et al, 2010;Mahadik et al, 2011;Srivastava et al, 2013).…”

A potential trade-off with stictic acid improves ascospore viability inXanthoparmelia cumberlandia

“…Higher quantities of usnic acid in the thallus would be expected if protection of the photobiont from excess UV light is a main function (Armaleo et al 2008;McEvoy et al 2006). Consalazinic acid, along with salazinic acid and atranorin, have been shown to possess antioxidant activities (Gaikwad et al 2012). The greater presence of consalazinic acid in the thallus may help mitigate oxidative stress caused by the photosynthetic activity of green algae in the thallus, which is the first partner to be damaged by oxidative stress (Kong et al 1999).…”

“…The major CBSM produced by A. centrifuga are alectoronic acid, atranorin and usnic acid; X. cumberlandia produces stictic, norstictic and usnic acids; and X. viriduloumbrina produces usnic, consalazinic and salazinic acids. Usnic acid and atranorin are thought to have light screening properties (Armaleo et al 2008;BeGora & Fahselt 2001;McEvoy et al 2006;Solhaug et al 2009Solhaug et al , 2010, the stictic acid complex is thought to have antiherbivory properties (Asplund et al 2009;Gauslaa 2005;Lawrey 1980) and the salazinic acid complex is thought to have antioxidant properties (Gaikwad et al 2012). These three species of lichens colonize the rock surface and overlap in their distributions (Brodo et al 2001;Hale 1990;Lendemer 2005;Thomson 1984), exhibiting different life history strategies (Deduke et al in press).…”