“…mTORC1 is activated at lysosomal membranes by two small GTPases, Rag and Rheb (Saito et al, 2005, Sancak et al, 2010, Betz and Hall, 2013, Saxton and Sabatini, 2017. Macropinosomes induced by receptor activation deliver extracellular nutrients into lysosomes, where lysosome-associated membrane protein complexes detect the increased luminal concentrations of amino acids and trigger the activation of Rag GTPases (Yoshida et al, 2015b, Yoshida et al, 2018, Zoncu et al, 2011. Activated Rag recruits mTORC1 from cytosol to lysosomes (Sancak et al, 2008, Sancak et al, 2010.…”