Growth factor delivery vehicles for tendon injuries: Mesenchymal stem cells and Platelet Rich Plasma

Guevara-Álvarez, A; Schmitt, Andrea; Russell, Ryan P.; Imhoff, Andreas B.; Buchmann, Stefan

doi:10.11138/mltj/2014.4.3.378

Cited by 23 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Even with improvements in surgical interventions and rehabilitation protocols, many patients continue to have impaired mobility, and up to a third of athletes are unable to return to play after tendon rupture (13,33,34). Regenerative strategies for the management of chronic tendon injuries have mostly focused on the delivery of stem cells and growth factors to sites of injured tendon tissue to begin the healing process (4,8). As such, successful tendon repair requires a fundamental understanding of the inflammatory cascade within musculoskeletal tissue in response to injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive and Innate Immune Cell Responses in Tendons and Lymph Nodes After Tendon Injury and Repair

Noah

Martinez

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Tendon injuries are a common clinical condition with limited treatment options. The cellular components of the innate system, such as neutrophils and macrophages, have been well studied in tendon injuries. However the adaptive immune system, comprised of specialized lymphocytes, plays an important role in orchestrating the healing of numerous tissues but less is known about these cells in tendon healing. To gain a greater understanding of the biological processes that regulate tendon healing, we sought to determine how the cellular components of the adaptive and innate immune system respond to a tendon injury using two-month old male mice. We determined that the lymphatic vasculature is present in the epitenon and superficial regions of Achilles tendons. We then created an acute Achilles tenotomy followed by repair, and collected tendons and draining lymph nodes one, two, and four weeks after injury. Using flow cytometry and histology, after tendon injury we observed a robust adaptive immune cell response that followed an initial innate immune cell response. There was an accumulation of monocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages one week after injury that declined thereafter. Dendritic cells and CD4 + T cells peaked two weeks after injury, while B cells and CD8 + T cells progressively increased over time. In parallel, immune cells of the draining popliteal lymph node demonstrated a similarly coordinated response to the injury. These results suggest that there is an adaptive immune response to tendon injury and adaptive immune cells may play a role in regulating tendon healing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive and Innate Immune Cell Responses in Tendons and Lymph Nodes After Tendon Injury and Repair

Noah

Martinez

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Moreover, previous studies also showed that PRP induces tenogenic differentiation of adult stem cells in vitro [ 29 – 31 ] and PRP combined with adult stem cells promote tendon repair in vivo [ 32 , 33 ]. PRP can promote tenogenic differentiation and increase expression of such tenocyte-related genes as collagen type I, collagen type III, tenomodulin [ 29 – 31 ], in agreement with our results. As shown in the study, PRP promoted collagen III and tenomodulin gene expression by BMSCs and BMSC sheets in vitro.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining mesenchymal stem cell sheets with platelet-rich plasma gel/calcium phosphate particles: a novel strategy to promote bone regeneration

Niu

Zhao

et al. 2015

Stem Cell Res Ther

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BackgroundPromotion of bone regeneration is important for successful repair of bony defects. This study aimed to investigate whether combining bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) sheets with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel/calcium phosphate particles could promote bone formation in the femoral bone defects of rats.MethodsThe proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs or BMSC sheets cultured with calcium phosphate particles and/or PRP were investigated in in vitro. In vivo, 36 2.5 × 5 mm bone defects were randomly divided into groups and treated with either BMSCs/PRP gel, calcium phosphate particles, PRP gel/calcium phosphate particles, a BMSC sheet/calcium phosphate particles, a BMSC sheet/PRP gel/calcium phosphate particles, or were left untreated (n = 6/group). A further 15 bone defects were treated with chloromethyl-benzamidodialkylcarbocyanine (CM-Dil)-labelled BMSC sheet/PRP gel/calcium phosphate particles and observed using a small animal in vivo fluorescence imaging system to trace the implanted BMSCs at 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks after surgery.ResultsThe expression of collagen type I and osteocalcin genes of BMSCs or BMSC sheets treated with PRP and calcium phosphate particles was significantly higher than that of BMSCs or BMSC sheets treated with calcium phosphate particles or the controls (P <0.05). PRP can promote gene expression of collagen III and tenomodulin by BMSCs and in BMSC sheets. The VEGF, collagen I and osteocalcin gene expression levels were higher in the BMSC sheet than in cultured BMSCs (P <0.05). Moreover, alizarin red staining quantification, ALP quantification and calcein blue fluorescence showed the osteogenic potential of BMSCs treated with PRP and calcium phosphate particles The implanted BMSCs were detectable at 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after surgery by a small animal in vivo fluorescence imaging system and were visualized in the defect zones by confocal microscopy. At 4 weeks after implantation, the defects treated with the BMSC sheet/PRP gel/calcium phosphate particles showed significantly more bone formation than the other five groups.ConclusionsIncorporation of an BMSC sheet into the PRP gel/calcium phosphate particles greatly promoted bone regeneration. These BMSC sheet and tissue engineering strategies offer therapeutic opportunities for promoting bone defect repair clinically.

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“…Tenocyte gradually migrate to the wound, and type III collagen synthesis is initiated 14 . PRP has been used as source of platelet derived growth factor and transforming growth factor, and it has been reported that PRP has a positive effect on cell proliferation and collagen production, and that it induces the production of matrix-degrading enzymes and endogenous growth factors by tenocytes 11,12 . Therefore, PRP can be a remarkable environment that accelerates overall healing time in tendon repair.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PRP is a volume fraction of the plasma, having a platelet concentration above whole blood. PRP contains a set of platelet derived growth factors, including platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 11,12 . In addition, the fibrin matrix that is generated on activation may potentially aid in tissue repair by providing a scaffold for tissue ingrowth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Platelet Rich Plasma Dosage on the Tendon Healing in Rabbits

Kim

Lim

Hwang

et al. 2016

J Korean Soc Surg Hand

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/ 3.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Purpose: Autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) has been known to enhance tendon healing and improve tensile strength after tendon injury. This study investigated the dosage of PRP to increase the tensile strength. Methods: PRP was harvested from peripheral bloods of the rabbits. Direct injury model was adopted using 60 achilles tendons in 30 rabbits. The autologous PRP was infiltrated into the Achilles tendon repair site of four groups (control, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 mL) with different dosages. Tendons were harvested at 2, 4 and 8 weeks and subjected to measuring mechanical tensile strength and dosage of collagen content. Results: At 2, 4, and 8 weeks, PRP administration following experimental achilles tendon repair resulted in an overall higher average tensile strength and collagen content compared to these of the control. Also, the lengthen the time, tensile strength and collagen content was increased. Conclusion: Autologous PRP enhanced tendon healing in rabbits. Within the PRP dosage setted by the author, more dosage of the infiltrated PRP increases the strength of the tendon and the dosage of collagen content. Further studies will be essential to determine the optimal dosage of PRP in clinical practice.

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Growth factor delivery vehicles for tendon injuries: Mesenchymal stem cells and Platelet Rich Plasma

Cited by 23 publications

References 101 publications

Adaptive and Innate Immune Cell Responses in Tendons and Lymph Nodes After Tendon Injury and Repair

Adaptive and Innate Immune Cell Responses in Tendons and Lymph Nodes After Tendon Injury and Repair

Combining mesenchymal stem cell sheets with platelet-rich plasma gel/calcium phosphate particles: a novel strategy to promote bone regeneration

The Effect of Platelet Rich Plasma Dosage on the Tendon Healing in Rabbits

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