Growth and Physiological Development During Adolescence

Marshall, W. A.; Tanner, J. M.

doi:10.1146/annurev.me.19.020168.001435

Cited by 249 publications

(200 citation statements)

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“…2000). Physician examination determined that all participants had no medical diagnoses that would affect body composition, and that all participants were pubertal stage B3 (Marshall and Tanner 1968 …”

Section: Study Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of the lactase persistence allele and lactose intake with body composition among multiethnic children

et al. 2013

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Childhood obesity is a worldwide health concern with a multifaceted and sometimes confounding etiology. Dairy products have been implicated as both proand anti-obesogenic, perhaps due to the confounding relationship between dairy, lactose consumption, and potential genetic predisposition. We aimed to understand how lactase persistence influenced obesity-related traits by observing the relationships among lactose consumption, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) near the lactase (LCT) gene and body composition parameters in a sample of multiethnic children (n = 296, 7-12 years old). We hypothesized that individuals with the lactase persistence (LP) allele of the LCT SNP (rs4988235) would exhibit a greater degree of adiposity and that this relationship would be mediated by lactose consumption. Body composition variables were measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry and a registered dietitian assessed dietary intake of lactose. Statistical models were adjusted for sex, age, pubertal stage, ethnic group, genetic admixture, socio-economic status, and total energy intake. Our findings indicate a positive, significant association between the LP allele and body mass index (p = 0.034), fat mass index (FMI) (p = 0.043), and waist circumference (p = 0.008), with associations being stronger in males than in females. Our results also reveal that lactose consumption is positively and nearly significantly associated with FMI.

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Section: Study Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of the lactase persistence allele and lactose intake with body composition among multiethnic children

et al. 2013

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“…This, again, shows the validity of the data on pubertal development assessed by the school physicians. Pubertal stages are defined according to Marshall and Tanner (1968). Hormone levels are geometric means.…”

Section: Sexual Development and Its Relation To Hormone Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal exposure to pollutants and sexual maturation in Flemish adolescents

Hond

Dhooge

Bruckers

et al. 2010

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Flanders is densely populated with much industry and intensive farming. Sexual maturation of adolescents (aged 14-15 years) was studied in relation to internal exposure to pollutants. Serum levels of pollutants and sex hormones were measured in 1679 participants selected as a random sample of the adolescents residing in the study areas. Data on sexual development were obtained from the medical school examination files. Self-assessment questionnaires provided information on health, use of medication and lifestyle factors. In boys, serum levels of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), p,p 0 -DDE and polychlorinated biphenyls (sum of marker PCB138, 153 and 180) were significantly and positively associated with pubertal staging (pubic hair and genital development). Higher levels of serum HCB and blood lead were associated with, respectively, a lower and a higher risk of gynecomastia. In girls, significant and negative associations were detected between blood lead and pubic hair development; higher exposure to PCBs was significantly associated with a delay in timing of menarche. Environmental exposures to pollutants at levels actually present in the Flemish population are associated with measurable effects on pubertal development. However, further understanding of toxic mode of action and sensitive windows of exposure is needed to explain the current findings.

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“…Participants underwent detailed history and physical examination including growth parameters and Tanner staging (18)(19)(20). On the first night of admission, participants fasted for a 10-hour period and then blood was drawn for lipid studies and routine serum chemistries including complete blood count, creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT); serum b-human chorionic gonadotropin was also assessed in girls with possible childbearing potential (Tanner stage$2).…”

Section: Trial Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pravastatin on Total Kidney Volume, Left Ventricular Mass Index, and Microalbuminuria in Pediatric Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

Cadnapaphornchai

George

McFann

et al. 2014

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

151

101

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Background and objectives In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), progressive kidney cyst formation commonly leads to ESRD. Because important manifestations of ADPKD may be evident in childhood, early intervention may have the largest effect on long-term outcome. Statins are known to slow progressive nephropathy in animal models of ADPKD. This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase III clinical trial was conducted from 2007 to 2012 to assess the effect of pravastatin on height-corrected total kidney volume (HtTKV) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and urine microalbumin excretion (UAE) in children and young adults with ADPKD.Designs, setting, participants, & measurements There were 110 pediatric participants with ADPKD and normal kidney function receiving lisinopril who were randomized to treatment with pravastatin or placebo for a 3-year period with evaluation at 0, 18, and 36 months. The primary outcome variable was a $20% change in HtTKV, LVMI, or UAE over the study period.Results Ninety-one participants completed the 3-year study (83%). Fewer participants receiving pravastatin achieved the primary endpoint compared with participants receiving placebo (69% versus 88%; P=0.03). This was due primarily to a lower proportion reaching the increase in HtTKV (46% versus 68%; P=0.03), with similar findings observed between study groups for LVMI (25% versus 38%; P=0.18) and UAE (47% versus 39%; P=0.50). The percent change in HtTKV adjusted for age, sex, and hypertension status over the 3-year period was significantly decreased with pravastatin (23%63% versus 31%63%; P=0.02).Conclusions Pravastatin is an effective agent to slow progression of structural kidney disease in children and young adults with ADPKD. These findings support a role for early intervention with pravastatin in this condition.

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Growth and Physiological Development During Adolescence

Cited by 249 publications

References 0 publications

Associations of the lactase persistence allele and lactose intake with body composition among multiethnic children

Associations of the lactase persistence allele and lactose intake with body composition among multiethnic children

Internal exposure to pollutants and sexual maturation in Flemish adolescents

Effect of Pravastatin on Total Kidney Volume, Left Ventricular Mass Index, and Microalbuminuria in Pediatric Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

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