Growing in time: exploring the molecular mechanisms of tree growth

Singh, Rajesh Kumar; Bhalerao, Rishikesh P.; Eriksson, Maria E.

doi:10.1093/treephys/tpaa065

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 242 publications

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“…By contrast, trees that are senescent too late can obtain more photosynthates but are threatened by nitrogen loss in leaves, owing to frost damage and the reduction of nutrient support for the growth of leaves in the next season [23,35,36]. Temperature and photoperiod are the two main climatic factors affecting autumn phenology [37][38][39]. Photoperiod is a signal that predicts the arrival of cold and frost, and temperature can predict warmth [25,40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stomatal Limitation Is Able to Modulate Leaf Coloration Onset of Temperate Deciduous Tree

Zhou

et al. 2022

Forests

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Autumn phenology, determined mainly by temperature and photoperiod, is essential for ecosystem carbon sequestration. Usually, the variations in the maximum rate of Rubisco (Vcmax) and the maximum rate of ribulose-bisphosphate regeneration (Jmax) are taken as the mechanism regulating the seasonal pattern of photosynthetic rates and autumn phenology. In this study, we used Quercus mongolicus seedlings as an example to examine the photosynthetically physiological mechanism of leaf coloration onset (LCO) responding to different warming and photoperiod treatments based on experimental data acquired from large artificial climate simulation chambers. The results indicated that: (1) LCO and the net CO2 assimilation rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), Vcmax, and Jmax of Quercus mongolicus seedlings were significantly affected by the changes of photoperiod. (2) LCO was significantly correlated only with the Pn approach, supporting the view that leaf senescence is the result of a trade-off between nutrient resorption and reserves. (3) The major variation in stomatal conductance (Gs) is the mechanism by which photoperiod regulates the seasonal pattern of photosynthetic rates, implying that both limitations of stomatal and photosynthetical capacity (Vcmax and Jmax, non-stomatal limitation) are able to modulate LCO. Our study riches the knowledge of phenology and provides a reference for phenological modelling and ecosystem carbon estimation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stomatal Limitation Is Able to Modulate Leaf Coloration Onset of Temperate Deciduous Tree

Zhou

et al. 2022

Forests

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“…Many varieties of plants use the circadian cycle to coordinate flower opening and closing (Samach and Coupland, 2000). Plants also use circadian oscillators to measure the length of the day and relate it to seasonal changes that are used to direct flowering and fruiting behaviors (Samach and Coupland, 2000;Singh et al, 2020). This wide variety of circadian applications demonstrates the central role of these oscillators in providing a robust basis for diverse behaviors.…”

Section: Clocks Direct Physiology and Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Keeping track of time: The fundamentals of cellular clocks

Gliech

Holland

2020

Journal of Cell Biology

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Biological timekeeping enables the coordination and execution of complex cellular processes such as developmental programs, day/night organismal changes, intercellular signaling, and proliferative safeguards. While these systems are often considered separately owing to a wide variety of mechanisms, time frames, and outputs, all clocks are built by calibrating or delaying the rate of biochemical reactions and processes. In this review, we explore the common themes and core design principles of cellular clocks, giving special consideration to the challenges associated with building timers from biochemical components. We also outline how evolution has coopted time to increase the reliability of a diverse range of biological systems.

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“…In response to a short-day (SD) photoperiod, poplar trees stop their growth and develop buds to protect meristems anticipating colder temperatures. Once a chilling requirement has been fulfilled, the cold period required to release buds from dormancy (Rohde et al, 2000), warmer temperatures and long-day (LD) conditions trigger bud break and growth reinitiation (Weiser, 1970;Cooke et al, 2012;Singh et al, 2020). The identification of poplar orthologs of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), FT1, and FT2, as flowering and seasonal mediators of perennial growth-dormancy cycles was an important breakthrough in defining the molecular framework that orchestrates these transitions (Bohlenius et al, 2006;Hsu et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FLOWERING LOCUS T2 Promotes Shoot Apex Development and Restricts Internode Elongation via the 13-Hydroxylation Gibberellin Biosynthesis Pathway in Poplar

2022

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The adaptation and survival of boreal and temperate perennials relies on the precise demarcation of the growing season. Seasonal growth and development are defined by day length and temperature signals. Under long-day conditions in spring, poplar FLOWERING LOCUS T2 (FT2) systemically induces shoot growth. In contrast, FT2 downregulation induced by autumnal short days triggers growth cessation and bud set. However, the molecular role of FT2 in local and long-range signaling is not entirely understood. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 editing tool was used to generate FT2 loss of function lines of hybrid poplar. Results indicate that FT2 is essential to promote shoot apex development and restrict internode elongation under conditions of long days. The application of bioactive gibberellins (GAs) to apical buds in FT2 loss of function lines was able to rescue bud set. Expression analysis of GA sensing and metabolic genes and hormone quantification revealed that FT2 boosts the 13-hydroxylation branch of the GA biosynthesis pathway in the shoot apex. Paclobutrazol treatment of WT leaves led to limited internode growth in the stem elongation zone. In mature leaves, FT2 was found to control the GA 13-hydroxylation pathway by increasing GA2ox1 and reducing GA3ox2 expression, causing reduced GA1 levels. We here show that in poplar, the FT2 signal promotes shoot apex development and restricts internode elongation through the GA 13-hydroxylation pathway.

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Growing in time: exploring the molecular mechanisms of tree growth

Cited by 30 publications

References 242 publications

Stomatal Limitation Is Able to Modulate Leaf Coloration Onset of Temperate Deciduous Tree

Stomatal Limitation Is Able to Modulate Leaf Coloration Onset of Temperate Deciduous Tree

Keeping track of time: The fundamentals of cellular clocks

FLOWERING LOCUS T2 Promotes Shoot Apex Development and Restricts Internode Elongation via the 13-Hydroxylation Gibberellin Biosynthesis Pathway in Poplar

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