Group B β-Hemolytic Streptococcal Colonization

Abstract

Following an outbreak of group B beta-hemolytic streptococcal neonatal infection (GBS), a prevalence survey of GBS colonization was performed on 238 infants. No important differences were noted in the prevalence of colonization when the infants were grouped according to age. Follow-up of 24 colonized babies for three months disclosed that most had persistence of GBS at the rectum and pharynx. Local umbilical cord care with triple dye (TD) or hexachlorophene skin cleanser was compared with untreated controls with respect to rates of GBS colonization. At birth the colonization rates of the three groups were similar. The rate of acquisition of colonization with GBS was 1.0% in the TD group, 6.3% in the hexachlorophene group, and 8.3% in the control group. Triple dye was much more effective than no specific cord care or hexachlorophene in preventing acquisition of GBS colonization.

Biodegradation of crystal violet by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium

“…DISCUSSION Earlier studies of crystal violet biodegradation showed that this triphenylmethane dye is relatively resistant to biodegradation by microorganisms in the environment and in waste treatment facilities (23)(24)(25)(26)34). The inability of many bacteria to degrade crystal violet has been attributed to the fact that this dye is toxic to many microorganisms (23,24,32,33). Some success in crystal violet decolorization in wastewater has been reported by using activated sludges that had been acclimated with crystal violet for 40 or 60 days (13).…”

“…The triphenylmethane dye crystal violet (N,N,N',N', N",N"-hexamethylpararosaniline) (Fig. 1) has seen extensive use in human and veterinary medicine, as a biological stain, and as a textile dye (4,16,19,28,32,33). Unfortunately, wastewater treatment facilities are often unable to completely remove commercial dyestuffs, including triphenylmethane dyes such as crystal violet, from contaminated wastewater, thus contributing to the pollution of aqueous habitats (23,24,26,34).…”

Outbreak of Late-onset Group B Streptococcal Infections in Healthy Newborn Infants after Discharge from a Maternity Hospital: A Case Report

“…Whether the organism is acquired via vertical or horizontal transmission, infants who are asymptomatically colonized often experience persistent GBS infection at mucous membrane sites for weeks or months, after which time, delayed infection occurs (16, 19, 23). The epidemiology and pathogenesis of GBS infection occurring beyond the first week of life remain less well defined than they are for early-onset disease.…”

Gentian Violet: a 19th century drug re‐emerges in the 21st century

“…Gentian violet has also been used for many years in preventing bacterial colonization of the umbilical stump following childbirth .…”