Groundwater Vulnerability Mapping in the Arab Region

Margane, Armin; Hobler, M.; Droubi, Abdallah; Rajab, R.; Subah, Ali; Khater, Ahmed R.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-10866-6_13

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…As for the hydraulic conductivity (K), limited pumping test data are available for the study area. Based on the drawdown curves of the three newly drilled wells during the period of October-December 2001 in the upstream of the Kafrein dam, calculated hydraulic parameters for the wells in Wadi Kafrein agree with the value of 3.0 9 10 -5 m/s published for the Kurnub sandstone (Margane et al 2002). Due to the limited information, the available data do not allow to obtain a detailed resolution of different conductivity zones.…”

Section: Hydrogeological Parametersmentioning

confidence: 79%

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Development of a 3D groundwater model based on scarce data: the Wadi Kafrein catchment/Jordan

Wang

Toll

et al. 2011

Environ Earth Sci

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In this work, a 3D groundwater flow model integrating all important geological features of the hydrogeological system is developed to investigate hydrological processes in the Wadi Kafrein area of Jordan. A large amount of available geological and hydrological data is integrated to construct a 3D groundwater flow model for the Wadi Kafrein area. Using the newly developed mapping approach, the translation of the highly detailed geological formations to an unstructured finite element grids, can be accomplished with high precision. The existing data set for model calibration is scarce, which is a typical situation for many hydrogeological case studies. At first, the steady state calibration of the groundwater model is carried out based on the observation wells. Then, the time and space-dependent recharge from precipitation are applied at the top surface of the finite element model. The transient simulation is conducted during the period of 1996-2008 considering the abstraction rates of the production wells and discharge of the springs. The calculated water levels are close to the observed values. The difference is partly caused by return flows from irrigation and the groundwater inflow from the adjacent aquifers which are not taken into consideration so far. Since the Wadi Kafrein area is an important agricultural area in the semiarid region of the Lower Jordan Valley, the model developed in this study can be regarded as a useful tool for analyzing the hydrological processes and improving groundwater management practices elsewhere affected by similar geological and hydrogeological conditions.

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Section: Hydrogeological Parametersmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Due to the limited information, the available data do not allow to obtain a detailed resolution of different conductivity zones. The hydrogeological units and their characteristics applied for the simulations, which are compiled from Margane et al (2002), are given in Table 1.…”

Section: Hydrogeological Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a 3D groundwater model based on scarce data: the Wadi Kafrein catchment/Jordan

Wang

Toll

et al. 2011

Environ Earth Sci

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“…Several studies have reported large groundwater declines in the regional B2/A7 aquifer. Past studies (Hobler et al, 2001;Margane et al, 2002bMargane et al, , 2015 reported groundwater level decline of 2.5 m/yr leading to a total groundwater level drop of 45 m over the last 18 years.…”

Section: Model Calibration and Validationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Predictive analysis of groundwater balance and assessment of safe yield using a probabilistic groundwater model for the Dead Sea Basin

Al Atawneh,

Janardhanan,

Cartwright

et al. 2024

Front. Water

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IntroductionGroundwater in the Middle East and North Africa region is a critical component of the water supply budget due to a (semi-)arid climate and hence limited surface water resources. Despite the significance, factors affecting the groundwater balance and overall sustainability of the resource are often poorly understood. This often includes recharge and discharge characteristics, groundwater extraction and impacts of climate change. The present study investigates the groundwater balance in the Dead Sea Basin aquifer in Jordan using a groundwater flow model developed using the MODFLOW.MethodsThe study aimed to simulate groundwater balance components and their effect on estimation of the aquifer's safe yield, and to also undertake a preliminary analysis of the impact of climate change on groundwater levels in the aquifer. Model calibration and predictive analysis was undertaken using a probabilistic modeling workflow. Spatially heterogeneous groundwater recharge for the historical period was estimated as a function of rainfall by simultaneously calibrating the recharge and aquifer hydraulic property parameters.Results and discussionThe model indicated that annual average recharge constituted 5.1% of the precipitation over a simulation period of 6 years. The effect of groundwater recharge and discharge components were evaluated in the context of estimation of safe yield of the aquifer. The average annual safe yield is estimated as ~8.0 mm corresponding to the 80% of the calibrated recharge value. Simulated groundwater levels matched well with the declining trends in observed water levels which are indicative of unsustainable use. Long-term simulation of groundwater levels indicated that current conditions would result in large drawdown in groundwater levels by the end of the century. Simulation of climate change scenarios using projected estimates of rainfall and evaporation indicates that climate change scenarios would further exacerbate groundwater levels by relatively small amounts. These findings highlight the need to simulate the groundwater balance to better understand the water availability and future sustainability.

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“…studies have highlighted the severity and impact of water stress in Jordan as being caused by climate change impacts(Abdulla & Al Omari, 2008; Abdulla & Eshtawi, 2015;Al Qatarneh, Al-Smadi, & Shatanawi, 2018;El-Naqa & Al-Shayeb, 2009;Margane et al, 2004;MoEnv, 2014b). Among the effects noted have been a 70% loss in camel population, around a 70% reduction in cereal harvests, more than 200 springs becoming dry, and drops in groundwater level at a rate of around 2 meters per year, though in some highly depleted areas, the reduction can reach 5 to 20 meters per year, decreasing the magnitude of base flow and flood flow in the main wadis (valleys) and reducing the main dams' storage to around half of capacity in the last20 years.…”

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confidence: 99%

Drought Vulnerability and Mitigation Measures in Jordan based on Spatio-temporal Assessment of Single and Composite Meteorological Drought Indices

Adaileh

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Drought Vulnerability and Mitigation Measures in Jordan based on Spatio-temporal Assessment of Single and Composite Meteorological Drought Indices. Ph.D. Dissertation by; Haitham AlAdaileh Supervisor; Dr. Barta Károly, PhD and Prof. Dr. Rakonczai János Abstract Long monthly data (1980-2017) of rainfall, air temperature, vegetation index, and barely production data were collected and implemented to investigate drought in Jordan. Twenty-nine weather stations across the country were used as a reference for generating interpolation maps. The drought was assessed using various drought indicators; SPI, PDI, TDI, VDI, and CDI at various timescales of 12, 6, 3, and 2 months. The CDI was further used to correlate with barely production to assess the applicability for crop monitoring. Also, the CDI was implemented in groundwater vulnerability assessment in Jordan. Jordan experienced significant annual rainfall reduction trends ranging from 0.01 to 5.2 mm/year. The trend's significance and reduction rates were related to both the geographic locations and stational altitudes. Jordan highlands seem to be most affected by the reduction followed by Jordan Rift Valley and the desert region. The rainfall reduction was highly obvious at both March and November with distinct rainfall shifts at both sides of the wet season (i.e. September and May). Drought spatial and temporal assessments using 29 weather stations from 1980 till 2017 indicted that Jordan experienced periodic cycles of drought with various severity and frequency. The use of drought indicators enabled the investigation for the drought event’s characteristics. The standardized precipitation index provided a clear tool to indicate drought frequency and magnitude trends that appeared to be once every two to three years with a significant increase rate of occurrence. Although SPI12 is less effective in providing a clear understanding of the rainfall shifts and monthly reduction as compared to SPI3, however, it provides a general indication of the droughts, especially if was coupled with the Krig interpolation technique. The generated drought krig maps revealed the presence of two drought trends; local and national. With the implicitly of statistical tools as cluster analyses, three main regions of droughts were grouped in terms of severity holding similar micro-climatological conditions; northern, eastern, and southern.

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Groundwater Vulnerability Mapping in the Arab Region

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Development of a 3D groundwater model based on scarce data: the Wadi Kafrein catchment/Jordan

Development of a 3D groundwater model based on scarce data: the Wadi Kafrein catchment/Jordan

Predictive analysis of groundwater balance and assessment of safe yield using a probabilistic groundwater model for the Dead Sea Basin

Drought Vulnerability and Mitigation Measures in Jordan based on Spatio-temporal Assessment of Single and Composite Meteorological Drought Indices

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