Groundwater resources in the European Community

Fried, Jean

doi:10.1016/0160-9327(85)90109-7

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…They stated that the travel time of a pollutant from the source to the aquifer plays an important role in vulnerability mapping and can be used as a vulnerability indicator where removal of the pollutant is dependent on time only. The idea of assessing vulnerability through consideration of timescales was recom-mended by Fried (1987) for the second phase of elaboration of hydrogeologi-cal maps of Groundwater Resources of the European Community. Bachmat and Collin (1987) have proposed a complex technique of quantifying vulnera-bility as the sensitivity of groundwater quality to anthropogenic activities in which the anticipated change in concentration of a given substance in the groundwaterperitsunitflux to the ground surface is a function of residence time of this substance depending on the thickness of the unsaturated zone and the average downward velocity of the pollutant.…”

Section: Review Of Vulnerability Assessments Based On Timescalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward operational methods for the assessment of intrinsic groundwater vulnerability: A review

Wachniew

Żurek

Stumpp

et al. 2016

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

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consumption and groundwater-dependent ecosystems as two receptors with respect to which groundwater should be protected from deterioration and chemical pollution. From this perspective it is even more appropriate to assess groundwater vulnerability not for the whole groundwater body but for particular receptors like abstraction wells or groundwater-dependent ecosystems.A fundamental difficulty in assessing groundwater vulnerability is the complexity of groundwater systems. The intertwined processes of groundwater flow and pollutant transport occur in three spatial dimensions, in the inherently heterogeneous and anisotropic geological media, over a great range of distances and times, and are typically nonstationary. Also, the pressures on groundwater quality have complex or unknown spatial and temporal distribution characteristics. The vulnerability of a particular groundwater receptor is therefore a complex function of the following:spatial and temporal distribution of pressures, for example, location of source areas of pollution, pollutant loads, fertilization levels, location of pumping wells and their pumping regimes, patterns of land-use change; distribution of water flow paths in the groundwater body; dilution, retardation, attenuation, and transformations of contaminants in the subsurface that affect their levels at the receptor; rates at which impacts of pressures propagate along the flow paths, that is, time lags associated with the responses of the receptor to the commencement or cessation of pressures. The task of assessing groundwater vulnerability can thus be seen as essentially equivalent to predicting contaminant concentrations within the groundwater body or at the groundwater receptors. A direct and comprehensive assessment of groundwater vulnerability is in most cases not feasible due to insufficient availability of monitoring data and the inherent complexity of groundwater systems. Instead, groundwater vulnerability indicators are defined, quantified, and mapped in order to reflect the actual or to predict the potential severity of human-induced deterioration in groundwater quality. Furthermore, because of time lags inherent to the groundwater flow and contaminant transport, responses in groundwater quality to changes in contaminant inputs may not be visible over short periods of time of the order of years that are typically considered by policy makers, ground-water managers, and the general public. Setting up of deadlines for the improve-ment of surface water quality-as, for example, in programs of measures required by the Water Framework Directive-involves consideration of such time lags (Witczak et al., 2007;Fenton et al., 2011;Aquilina et al., 2012;Hamilton, 2012; Herrman et al., 2012; Stumpp et al., not published yet).This work presents different understandings of the groundwater vulnerability concept and gives an overview of methods for assessing the intrinsic vulnerability. Among those, only the physically based methods can provide physically meaningful and operational indicators of the i...

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Section: Review Of Vulnerability Assessments Based On Timescalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward operational methods for the assessment of intrinsic groundwater vulnerability: A review

Wachniew

Żurek

Stumpp

et al. 2016

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

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“…The report on Groundwater Resources of the European Community (FRIED 1982) is a good example of how this kind of information can be presented on maps. In combination with the UNESCO guideline on legends for hydrogeological maps a.o., the EEC report may be a good starting point for the standardization of such maps.…”

Section: Regional Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standards in environmental geology

Stenestad¹

Planning the Use of the Earth's Surface

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Environmental problems are worldwide and increasing and extensive programmes related to environmental geology have been launched all over the world, Data and experience from these programmes and earlier work held by geoscientific institutions should be integrated in environmental planning. A limiting factor may be the lack of common standards. Standards do exist but they are in general neither common nor are they part of the official systems of standards. The paper aims to give an idea of what already exists, what seems to be missing and how common standards might be established.Common geoscientific standards should respect existing local standards and they should be defined according to the needs of users and data producers. They should be minimum standards necessary for the exchange and use of data and they should consider all links of the data chain from sampling and analysis to storage, transfer and presentation of data. Within the next few years most environmental geology databanks will probably become part of major data networks. This will involve some basic requirements to the data and their organization. It will be necessary to establish Indexing systems and EDP-based Catalogues for data and maps, Thesaurus defining data and types of data, standard legends for graphic representation a.o.. Types of information in data sets and thematic maps

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Groundwater resources in the European Community

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Toward operational methods for the assessment of intrinsic groundwater vulnerability: A review

Toward operational methods for the assessment of intrinsic groundwater vulnerability: A review

Standards in environmental geology

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