Groundwater in Peatland

Ishii, Yoshiyuki; Koizumi, Ken; Fukami, Hiroshi; Yamamoto, Kōichi; Takahashi, Hidenori; Limin, Suwido H.; Kusin, Kitso; Usup, Aswin; Susilo, Gatot Eko

doi:10.1007/978-4-431-55681-7_17

Cited by 22 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Piezometers are commonly used to analyse water levels in studies at the plot scale in peatlands. However, maintaining them is labour intensive (Devito et al, 1996;Fraser et al, 2001;Baird et al, 2004;Ishii et al, 2015). The application of satellite remote sensing techniques is one approach which addresses this scarcity of information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrology of inland tropical lowlands: the Kapuas and Mahakam wetlands

Hidayat

Teuling

Vermeulen

et al. 2017

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Wetlands are important reservoirs of water, carbon and biodiversity. They are typical landscapes of lowland regions that have high potential for water retention. However, the hydrology of these wetlands in tropical regions is often studied in isolation from the processes taking place at the catchment scale. Our main objective is to study the hydrological dynamics of one of the largest tropical rainforest regions on an island using a combination of satellite remote sensing and novel observations from dedicated field campaigns. This contribution offers a comprehensive analysis of the hydrological dynamics of two neighbouring poorly gauged tropical basins; the Kapuas basin (98 700 km2) in West Kalimantan and the Mahakam basin (77 100 km2) in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Both basins are characterised by vast areas of inland lowlands. Hereby, we put specific emphasis on key hydrological variables and indicators such as discharge and flood extent. The hydroclimatological data described herein were obtained during fieldwork campaigns carried out in the Kapuas over the period 2013–2015 and in the Mahakam over the period 2008–2010. Additionally, we used the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) rainfall estimates over the period 1998–2015 to analyse the distribution of rainfall and the influence of El-Niño – Southern Oscillation. Flood occurrence maps were obtained from the analysis of the Phase Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) images from 2007 to 2010. Drought events were derived from time series of simulated groundwater recharge using time series of TRMM rainfall estimates, potential evapotranspiration estimates and the threshold level approach. The Kapuas and the Mahakam lake regions are vast reservoirs of water of about 1000 and 1500 km2 that can store as much as 3 and 6.5 billion m3 of water, respectively. These storage capacity values can be doubled considering the area of flooding under vegetation cover. Discharge time series show that backwater effects are highly influential in the wetland regions, which can be partly explained by inundation dynamics shown by flood occurrence maps obtained from PALSAR images. In contrast to their nature as wetlands, both lowland areas have frequent periods with low soil moisture conditions and low groundwater recharge. The Mahakam wetland area regularly exhibits low groundwater recharge, which may lead to prolonged drought events that can last up to 13 months. It appears that the Mahakam lowland is more vulnerable to hydrological drought, leading to more frequent fire occurrences than in the Kapuas basin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrology of inland tropical lowlands: the Kapuas and Mahakam wetlands

Hidayat

Teuling

Vermeulen

et al. 2017

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…The very low groundwater levels likely will influence the endemic flora and fauna (Kier et al 2005;Yule 2008;Sodhi et al 2010) that can only survive under un-impacted hydrological conditions (Evers et al 2017). A lot of effort has been proposed to restore degraded wetland, including canal blocking (Ritzema et al 2014;Ishii et al 2016), with the purpose to maintain groundwater levels as close as possible to natural conditions. Improved water management is anticipated to provide an adequate basis for endemic biodiversity and additionally to control wildland fires.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, we used a one-dimensional vertical water flow model and a drainage boundary conditions (Cauchy type) to simulate groundwater tables (Van Dam and Feddes 2000;Kroes et al 2008;Van Dam et al 2008) instead of a (pseudo) three dimensional model (e.g. Wösten et al 2006;Ishii et al 2016), which may introduce some uncertainty. Although our calibration period captures both climate extreme conditions (El Niño and La Niña) our calibration results may disregard the influence of decadal climate variability on groundwater table dynamics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Jakarta, a decreasing trend in groundwater levels is reported in most groundwater monitoring wells due to water over-abstraction (Delinom et al 2009). In the wetlands of Southeast Asia, lowering of groundwater levels is linked to canal drainage (Wösten et al 2008;Hooijer et al 2010;Ishii et al 2016). Canals are built to get access to wetland forest to transfer the forest into plantations (Wösten et al 2006;Hooijer et al 2010;Jaenicke et al 2010;Page and Hooijer 2016).…”

Section: Human Influence On Drought Specifically In the Humid Tropicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Canalization is common practice to drain excessive water, making wetland suitable for agriculture and forestry purposes. By draining water, the groundwater table depth declines (Hirano et al 2012;Ishii et al 2016), depending on the water level in the canal and subsurface characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrological drought and wildfire in the humid tropics

Taufik¹

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Tropical peatland hydrology simulated with a global land surface model

Apers¹,

Lannoy²,

Baird³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Tropical peatlands are among the most carbon-dense ecosystems on Earth, and their water storage dynamics strongly control these carbon stocks. The hydrological functioning of tropical peatlands differs from that of northern peatlands, which has not yet been accounted for in global land surface models (LSMs). Here, we integrated tropical peat-specific hydrology modules into a global LSM for the first time, by utilizing the peatland-specific model structure adaptation (PEATCLSM) of the NASA Catchment Land Surface Model (CLSM). We developed literature-based parameter sets for natural (PEATCLSM Trop,Nat ) and drained (PEATCLSM Trop,Drain ) tropical peatlands. Simulations with PEATCLSM Trop,Nat were compared against those with the default CLSM version and the northern version of PEATCLSM (PEATCLSM North,Nat ) with tropical vegetation input. All simulations were forced with global meteorological reanalysis input data for the major tropical peatland regions in Central and South America, the Congo Basin, and Southeast Asia. The evaluation against a unique and extensive data set of in situ water level and eddy covariance-derived evapotranspiration showed an overall improvement in bias and correlation compared to the default CLSM version. Over Southeast Asia, an additional simulation with PEATCLSM Trop,Drain was run to address the large fraction of drained tropical peatlands in this region. PEATCLSM Trop,Drain outperformed CLSM, PEATCLSM North,Nat , and PEATCLSM Trop,Nat over drained sites. Despite the overall improvements of PEATCLSM Trop,Nat over CLSM, there are strong differences in performance between the three study regions. We attribute these performance differences to regional differences in accuracy of meteorological forcing data, and differences in peatland hydrologic response that are not yet captured by our model. Plain Language SummaryTropical peatlands are wetlands in which plant material accumulates under waterlogged conditions and develops into a dense organic soil layer. Disturbance of their selfregulating hydrology by external factors such as artificial drainage, land use change, and climate change can quickly convert these immense carbon stocks into strong sources of greenhouse gases. Including the hydrology of tropical peatlands into global Earth system models allows us to understand the impact of such external disturbances. We developed the first hydrology modules for natural and drained tropical peatlands to plug into the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System modeling framework. Our results display strong regional differences, and indicate that the accuracy of our model is limited by rainfall data quality and by our understanding of how peatland hydrology differs across the three regions that contain the major tropical peatland areas (Central and South America, the Congo Basin, and Southeast Asia). Nonetheless, simulations

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Groundwater in Peatland

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

Hydrology of inland tropical lowlands: the Kapuas and Mahakam wetlands

Hydrology of inland tropical lowlands: the Kapuas and Mahakam wetlands

Hydrological drought and wildfire in the humid tropics

Tropical peatland hydrology simulated with a global land surface model

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