Gross nitrogen fluxes in soil : theory, measurement and application of 15N pool dilution techniques

Murphy, Daniel V.; Recous, Sylvie; Stockdale, E.; Fillery, I. R. P.; Jensen, Lars Stoumann; Hatch, D. J.; Goulding, Keith

doi:10.1016/s0065-2113(02)79002-0

Cited by 291 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…In highly enriched microorganisms, where up to 50% of the N was derived from the added 15 N, these data indicate that N uptake and subsequent assimilation is extremely rapid. This is consistent with studies showing that the pseudo residence time of NH 4 + in soil under wheat is less than 24 h (Murphy et al, 2003).…”

Section: Nanosims Imaging Of Plant-microbial N Uptakesupporting

confidence: 93%

In Situ Mapping of Nutrient Uptake in the Rhizosphere Using Nanoscale Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2009

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Plant roots and microorganisms interact and compete for nutrients within the rhizosphere, which is considered one of the most biologically complex systems on Earth. Unraveling the nitrogen (N) cycle is key to understanding and managing nutrient flows in terrestrial ecosystems, yet to date it has proved impossible to analyze and image N transfer in situ within such a complex system at a scale relevant to soil-microbe-plant interactions. Linking the physical heterogeneity of soil to biological processes marks a current frontier in plant and soil sciences. Here we present a new and widely applicable approach that allows imaging of the spatial and temporal dynamics of the stable isotope 15 N assimilated within the rhizosphere. This approach allows visualization and measurement of nutrient resource capture between competing plant cells and microorganisms. For confirmation we show the correlative use of nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy, to image differential partitioning of 15 NH 4 + between plant roots and native soil microbial communities at the submicron scale. It is shown that 15 N compounds can be detected and imaged in situ in individual microorganisms in the soil matrix and intracellularly within the root. Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry has potential to allow the study of assimilatory processes at the submicron level in a wide range of applications involving plants, microorganisms, and animals.

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Section: Nanosims Imaging Of Plant-microbial N Uptakesupporting

confidence: 93%

In Situ Mapping of Nutrient Uptake in the Rhizosphere Using Nanoscale Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2009

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“…Differences between the two methods are also explainable by uncertainties in the gross rate determination by the 15 N pool dilution technique. This technique is based on a number of assumptions: (1) no isotopic discrimination, (2) no re-mineralisation of added labelled N, (3) constant process rates during incubation, and (4) similar behaviour of added and native N pools (Murphy et al, 2003). We paid specific attention to distributing the 15 N as uniformly as possible, by using well homogenised soil and by adding the 15 N solution through spraying.…”

Section: Comparison Of the Baps Methods And The 15 N Pool Dilution Tecmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zaman and Chang (2004) also suggested a temperature dependency of the gross nitrification rate, but pointed out that in spite of moistureinduced variations in the nitrification rate, no consistent trend could be evidenced within a field capacity range of 50 to 100%. Considering the importance of temperature for N turnover in soils it is surprising that only a few studies have quantified the temperature dependency of the gross nitrification in soils (Murphy et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring and modelling seasonal variation of gross nitrification rates in response to long-term fertilisation

Stange

Neue

2009

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. The formation of nitrate (nitrification) in soils is an important process that influences N availability for plant uptake and potential N losses as well. Gross nitrification is an effective measure by which to test mechanistic ecosystem models for predictability because gross rates can widely differ between sites, even if net production is similar between these sites.A field experiment was designed to (i) determine gross nitrification rates in response to fertilisation and (ii) to verify the idea that seasonal variations of gross rates in soils can be readily predicted by soil moisture and soil temperature.Gross nitrification rates were measured by a Barometric Process Separation (BaPS). The BaPS measurements were validated with the commonly used 15 N pool dilution technique measurements at six times. In general, the rates determined from both measurement approaches were in the same order of magnitude and showed a good correlation.The effects of 100 years of fertilisation (mineral fertiliser, manure and control) on gross nitrification rates were investigated. During 2004 soil samples from the long-term "static fertilisation experiment" at Bad Lauchstädt were sampled weekly and were measured in the laboratory under field conditions and subsequently under standardised conditions (16 • C soil temperature and −30 kPa matrix potential) with the BaPS system. Gross nitrification rates determined under standardised conditions did not show any seasonal trend but did, however, reveal a high temporal variability. Gross nitrification rates determined by the BaPS-method under field conditions showed also a high temporal variability and ranged from 5 to 77 µg N h −1 kg −1 dry mass, 2 to 74 µg N h −1 kg −1 dry mass and 0 to 49 µg N h −1 kg −1 dry mass with respect to manure, mineral fertiliser, and control. The annual average was 0.34, 0.27 and 0.19 g N a −1 kg −1 dry mass for the maCorrespondence to: C. F. Stange (florian.stange@ufz.de) nure site, mineral fertiliser site and control site, respectively. On all sites gross nitrification revealed a strong seasonal dynamic. Three different models were applied for reproducing the measured results. Test models could explain 75% to 78% of variability at the manure site, 66% to 77% of variability at the mineral fertiliser site, and 39% to 63% of variability at the control site. The model parameterisation shows that the temperature sensitivity of gross nitrification differs between the three neighbouring sites. Hence, a temperature response function in an ecosystem model has to consider the site specificity in order to adequately predict the effects of future climate change on the soil N cycle.

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“…The concentration of dissolved organic C, or more precisely water-extractable organic C, has been reported by a number of researchers as a parameter which consistently decreases during the decomposition process, and has therefore been related to the process of stabilization [123]. The conversion of solid organic matter into dissolved organic matter has been shown to be the rate limiting step to the supply of N [24,54] and is therefore, likely to influence C and N dynamics in soil [77]. For example, the addition of a labile fraction of SOM to soil did not affect gross N mineralization, but markedly increased immobilization [37].…”

Section: Transformation Of Carbon and Nitrogen During Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Important is the Quality of Organic Amendments in Relation to Mineral N Availability in Soils?

et al. 2013

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Summary Wastes generated from municipal and agricultural activities have the tremendous potential for application in agriculture as a source of nutrients and as amendments to improve soil organic matter (SOM). A decline in SOM can represent a serious threat to soil fertility and quality. Nitrogen (N) mineralization from organic amendments is important for understanding the N dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems. In this review, quality of the amendments such as C/N ration, N content, and biochemical compositions, etc. are discussed. Since, C/N ratio cannot explain all differences in N mineralization; emphasis has been laid on characterizing different compounds in organic amendments that govern the mineralization process. The importance of simulation models has also been described in modeling N mineralization from some complex materials like compost, animal manures and farmyard manures. These complex simulation models once modified according to the quality of the organic amendments can simulate N mineralization and thus, they can be used for simulating N dynamics in terrestrial eco-systems.

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Gross nitrogen fluxes in soil : theory, measurement and application of 15N pool dilution techniques

Cited by 291 publications

References 137 publications

In Situ Mapping of Nutrient Uptake in the Rhizosphere Using Nanoscale Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

In Situ Mapping of Nutrient Uptake in the Rhizosphere Using Nanoscale Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

Measuring and modelling seasonal variation of gross nitrification rates in response to long-term fertilisation

How Important is the Quality of Organic Amendments in Relation to Mineral N Availability in Soils?

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