Gross Hematuria in Children: A Ten-Year Review

Greenfield, Saul P.; Williot, Pierre; Kaplan, David

doi:10.1016/j.urology.2006.10.018

Cited by 69 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Tumours of the lower urinary tract in children are usually mesodermal in origin. Bladder tumours of the epithelial origin are uncommon in children and extremely rare in children less than 10 years of age [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. We wish to report two cases which initially presented with gross haematuria and features suggestive of urinary tract infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in first decade of life

2008

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This report describes two rare cases of well-differentiated, non-invasive transitional cell carcinomas in children (Grade 1 Stage pTa). One was 8-year-old girl with a polypoid lesion and the other 9-year-old girl with kissing bilateral paraureteral lesions. The initial presentation was haematuria and symptoms of urinary tract infection. Subsequent course and investigation confirmed the diagnosis. Complete resection of the lesion and follow-up with urine cytology, vesical ultrasound and check cystoscopy at 4 years has showed no evidence of recurrence.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in first decade of life

2008

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“…Ultrasound is the imaging of choice in children to avoid radiation exposure and has been shown to have acceptable sensitivity rates regarding bladder tumour detection. 2,5 Cytology may be ordered, but given the predominance of low-grade tumour in children, its usefulness may be limited. 2 There are clear guidelines regarding the use of adjuvant intravesical immunotherapy and chemotherapy in adult patients; however, the use in children is not clear and the recommended treatment protocols may not be justified in light of the difference in clinical features and improved prognosis of urothelial carcinoma in children.…”

Section: Urothelial Carcinoma Of the Bladder In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder in a pediatric patient

Mau

Leonard

2016

CUAJ

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Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder in children and adolescents is rare. The World Health Organization database has recorded approximately 80 patients under age 16 that have been diagnosed with papillary bladder tumour since 1968. 1 We are reporting on our case of urothelial carcinoma diagnosed in a 14-year-old male who presented with painless gross hematuria. Case reportOur patient is a 14-year-old South Asian male, who immigrated to Canada from the Philippines in 2012. He had an isolated episode of painless, gross hematuria in July 2015, after which he presented to his primary care physician and renal and bladder ultrasound was ordered. Referral was also made to urology at that time.The patient's medical history was significant for a remote history of pulmonary tuberculosis for which he received treatment, as well as a history of an intestinal parasite. The remainder of the history was non-contributory for typical risk factors of urothelial carcinoma, including no history of chemotherapy, radiation, or chemical exposure. He and his family denied history of tobacco usage and there was no family history of genitourinary malignancy.Physical examination revealed a normal abdominal and genitourinary examination.Ultrasound revealed an irregular lobulated polypoid lesion on the right postero-lateral bladder wall measuring 26 x 29x 17 mm (Fig. 1). The kidneys were unremarkable.The patient was taken to the operating room for a cystoscopy and transurethral resection of bladder tumour. Cystoscopy revealed a papillary lesion on the right posterolateral bladder wall just distal to the ureteric orifice, consistent with what was seen on imaging. Due to the patient's post-pubertal stage of genital development, the pediatric resectoscope could not reach the tumour. We gently dilated his urethra with sounds and used the 26 F resectoscope for resection. The tumour was completely resected and a sample was taken at the base.Pathology revealed a low-grade papillary urothelial neoplasm with no definite invasion into the muscularis mucosae. Also reported was a large inverted component, the presence of small nests of urothelial cells in the stalk, and the strong staining for CK5 and CD44. Final pathology read papillary low-grade urothelial carcinoma without invasion (Ta). DiscussionThough uncommon, there have been several consistent findings in regards to papillary bladder tumour occurrence in children. Tumours are predominately low-grade, more common in males at a 3:1 ratio, more common in White compared to Black patients, and are most often located on the trigone.2 They also seem to have a lower rate of recurrence than similarly staged tumours in the adult population, possibly due to field change being a less likely etiology in the absence of carcinogen exposure.3 As in our case, painless gross hematuria is the presenting symptom in >90% of cases. There are no specific risk factors in the small number of cases reported. Associations reported in children include passive smoking, exposure to cyclophosphamide or muscle relaxant...

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“…Makroskobik hematüri ile baflvuran hastalar›n ço¤unda kolay tan›nabilen sebepler vard›r (19,20). Makroskobik hematüri ile baflvuran hastalar›n %58'inde hematürinin nedeni saptanabilmektedir (4).…”

Section: Tart›flmaunclassified

“…Çal›flmam›zda makroskobik hematürisi olan hastalar›n %72'sinde hematüri-nin nedeni bulunmufltur. ‹drar yolu enfeksiyonlar›, üroliti-yaz, hiperkalsiüri, glomerülonefrit ve travma nedenler olarak bildirilmektedir (20,21). Ingelfinger ve ark.…”

Section: Tart›flmaunclassified

Çocukluk çağında hematürinin etiolojik nedenleri

Sarı¹,

Bülbül²,

Demircan³

et al. 2010

tpa

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Gross Hematuria in Children: A Ten-Year Review

Cited by 69 publications

References 12 publications

Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in first decade of life

Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in first decade of life

Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder in a pediatric patient

Çocukluk çağında hematürinin etiolojik nedenleri

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