Grey water reclamation by decentralized MBR prototype

Santasmasas, Carme; Rovira, Miquel; Clarens, F.; Valderrama, César

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.01.004

Cited by 76 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…(2014) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] www.deswater.com doi: 10.1080/19443994.2014.927793 this technology has been applied successfully to treat various wastewaters such as paper and mill wastewater, paint industry wastewater, textile wastewater, and poultry wastewater [8]. But, an extensive literature survey shows that there is no availability of research works for the treatment of grey wastewater using EC method and its mechanism is still not clearly understood.…”

Section: Desalination and Water Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, nowadays an increasing attention has been given to the treatment of grey water [1,2]. Grey wastewater is one of the wastewater which includes water from baths, showers, hand basins, washing machines, dishwashers, and kitchen sinks and constitutes 50-80% of the total household wastewater, but excludes streams from toilets [3]. The discharges of untreated grey wastewater into the ecosystem have substantial impacts on the environment and human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance evaluation and optimization of electrocoagulation process to treat grey wastewater

Thirugnanasambandham

Sivakumar

Maran

2014

Desalination and Water Treatment

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In this present study, Box-Behnken response design was employed to optimize and investigate the effect of process variables such as electrolyte dose, stirring speed, and treatment time on total solids (TS), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in electrocoagulation process (EC) to treat grey wastewater using iron electrodes. Regression analysis showed good fit of the experimental data to the second-order polynomial model with coefficient of determination (R 2 ) value greater than 0.95 for both TS and COD removal. Threedimensional response surface plots were generated from mathematical models in order to study the interactive effect of process variables on responses. Under the optimum operating conditions such as electrolyte dose of 1.4 g/l, stirring speed of 300 rpm, and treatment time of 8 min show the predicted removal efficiencies (96.56 and 93.60% for TS and COD removal, respectively) which were close to the experimental values.

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Section: Desalination and Water Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance evaluation and optimization of electrocoagulation process to treat grey wastewater

Thirugnanasambandham

Sivakumar

Maran

2014

Desalination and Water Treatment

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“…On the other hand, blackwater is the remaining wastewater that contains human wastes and is thus characterized by even higher contaminant levels [18], [19]. Therefore, more treatment is required for the reuse of regular wastewater as compared to graywater [5], [20], [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Onsite Graywater Reclamation Towards Alleviating Water Shortages at the Household Level

Najm¹,

Hasan²,

Alameddine³

et al. 2017

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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Population growth and development, coupled with potential climate change impacts, are invariably associated with chronic water shortages particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. In this study, we evaluate the potential of using onsite graywater reclamation systems towards alleviating water shortages. For this purpose, we developed and administered a field questionnaire to assess the socioeconomic feasibility and public willingness towards the installation of such systems at the household level. Overall, 66% of the surveyed population approved of graywater reuse as compared to 48% who reported willingness to reuse wastewater. The results showed that acceptance of graywater reuse was a function of environmental awareness, household ownership, the age of the respondent, and access to alternative water sources. While graywater reuse can reduce water demand, its economic viability was found to be contingent on reforming the existing public water tariff structure. Under existing water use rates, the payback period for retrofitting a residence with a graywater reclamation system exceeded 30 years but went down to 9-12 years after accounting for water procurement from outside the network. The study concludes with a SWOT analysis and a management framework to integrate graywater reclamation as a source of water to supplement existing sources and help alleviate water shortages.

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“…Biological processes for the treatment of greywater in decentralised systems have been reported since 1980's and 1990's, such as biological contractors (Nolde 2000), biological aerated filters (BAF) (Jefferson et al 2001), fixed film reactors (Nolde 2000), anaerobic filters (Couto et al 2015, Imura et al 1995, sequencing batch reactors (Lamine et al 2007), membrane bioreactors (MBR) (Atasoy et al 2007, Judd 2010, Santasmasas et al 2013, and extensive technologies such as wetlands (Avery et al 2007, Gross et al 2007). …”

Section: Biological-based Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…this system has demonstrated reductions between 2-6 logs for e. coli, and 100% of nematode eggs. However the final chlorination of the treated water is needed to ensures the microbiological quality for subsequent uses (Santasmasas et al 2013). Atasoy et al (2007) reported an MBR system for the treatment of greywater and black water.…”

Section: Biological-based Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel decentralized greywater treatment system based on combined adsorption and electrochemical oxidation

Garcia¹

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Electrochemical technologies for wastewater treatment present several promising characteristics to be used as decentralized water treatment systems to provide a sustainable and cost effective growing water supply complementing centralized water supply systems. However, their application and scaling up has been hindered by the high energy input required, and the mass transfer limitations.To address these limitations, the aim of this thesis is to develop a novel decentralized water treatment system to treat greywater produced at household scale. The system, a three-dimensional (3D) electrochemical reactor, comprises a flow-through electrochemical reactor, in which the contaminated solution will pass through the borondoped diamond (BDD) anode mesh, maximizing the total contact surface of the electrode.In addition, granular activated carbon (GAC) has been added as a bed material in the reactor, which has been recognized that can enhance the performance of the conventional two-dimensional (2D) system due to its adsorption properties and by acting as a third electrode within the system.The main goals of this thesis are: (i) to elucidate how the presence of a bed material can enhance the performance of the electrochemical treatment; (ii) to develop a proof-ofconcepts on the performance of a 3D electrochemical oxidation system for the treatment of greywater; (iii) to determine the effect of current density and volume of greywater loaded, and the bed material on the performance of the 3D system; (iv) to explore the viability of the electrochemical regeneration of the bed material when operating the 3D system for the treatment of greywater.The reactor has worked under three different configurations: (i) adsorption onto activated carbon (GAC system), (ii) electrochemical oxidation on BDD anode (2D system), and (iii) combined adsorption and electrochemical oxidation (3D system) for the treatment of simulated (SGW) and real greywater (RGW). Electrochemical experiments were conducted at a fixed current density of 15 A m ) and two different volume loads (2 L and 6 L) to study the effect of these two parameters in the performance ii of the 3D system (Chapter 6). To minimise the adsorption and catalytic effect of the GAC and determine the electrochemical oxidation capacity of the bed material acting as a third electrode, it has been substituted granular graphite (GG) (Chapter 7). Electrochemical regeneration of the GAC in the 3D system has been studied over the time by loading the reactor with saturated GAC (Chapter 8). Finally, an economic analysis has been conducted for the implementation of a 3D electrochemical system at household scale (Chapter 9).The results showed that the efficiency of a conventional 2D electrochemical system can be enhanced by up to 86% for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) in the 3D system. Obtained positive synergy values suggest that the combination of these two processes may trigger other electrochemical reactions in the 3D system while enabling the el...

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Grey water reclamation by decentralized MBR prototype

Cited by 76 publications

References 25 publications

Performance evaluation and optimization of electrocoagulation process to treat grey wastewater

Performance evaluation and optimization of electrocoagulation process to treat grey wastewater

Onsite Graywater Reclamation Towards Alleviating Water Shortages at the Household Level

Novel decentralized greywater treatment system based on combined adsorption and electrochemical oxidation

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