Greener Cleaner: Liquid-Phase Adsorption of Dye Using Macroalgae Based Biosorbent Materials

Economical and Eco-Friendly Adsorbent Derived from Coffee Waste for Efficient Adsorption of Methylene Blue: Characterization, Evaluation and Optimization Studies

“…Therefore, a contact time after 30 min was selected to be the best shaking time for adsorption process. A Similar observation were found to remove contaminants from their aqueous solution using natural adsorbents derived from potential and low cost materials [8,13,15,16,17,33].…”

“…A scientific report indicates that very little fresh water that is available for use, about 1.0% of the total water on earth [1]. However, water consumption continues to increase worldwide, followed by an increase in the generation of a large amount of liquid wastes every day, which contain hazardous materials that have harmful effects on both human and aquatic life [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Scientific studies pointed out that about 300-400 million tons of hazardous materials such as heavy metals, toxic sludge, solvents, chemicals, oil, synthetic dyes, acids and alkalis, salts, surfactants, industrial wastes and other hazardous substances are still end up into the environment every year [5].…”

“…Synthetic dyes (SD) are widely used in many areas of high technology such as dyestuff, paper, printing, carpet, plastic, food and cosmetic, paint and textile industry to provide color for their products, and as additives in petroleum products [8]. It is reported that in the dyeing section of the textile industry, about 1000 liters of water are used for every 1000 kg of finished clothes [11].…”

“…Globally, more than 100,000 commercially available dyes have been reported nowadays. These dyes are organic contaminates and are considered the most dangerous pollutants due to their toxicity to many life forms [1][2][3][4][5]8,11].…”

“…A number of available physicochemical processes have been established to remove hazardous chemicals from contaminated environment, which include ion exchange, chemical precipitation, electrochemical treatment, chemical oxidation and coagulation/flocculation, to remove such contaminants [4]. However, most of these processes are not economically and environmentally approaches due to highoperating cost, and have low efficiency to treat a wide range of pollutants, toxic by product formation, high chemical reequipment; they also generate a ton of secondary waste (sludge disposal) after removal process or even during the synthesis of adsorbents [7][8][9][10][11][12]. However, adsorption process is being seen as more promising for the long-term, as it is considered as environmental friendliness and economical process for the adsorptive uptake of hazardous and toxic substances from contaminated water with low energy consumption [7,9,13].…”