Green synthesis: Proposed mechanism and factors influencing the synthesis of platinum nanoparticles

Abstract

Platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) have attracted interest in catalysis and biomedical applications due to their unique structural, optical, and catalytic properties. However, the conventional synthesis of Pt NPs using the chemical and physical methods is constrained by the use of harmful and costly chemicals, intricate preparation requirement, and high energy utilization. Hence, this review emphasizes on the green synthesis of Pt NPs using plant extracts as an alternative approach due to its simplicity, convenience, inexpensiveness, easy scalability, low energy requirement, environmental friendliness, and minimum usage of hazardous materials and maximized efficiency of the synthesis process. The underlying complex processes that cover the green synthesis (biosynthesis) of Pt NPs were reviewed. This review affirms the effects of different critical parameters (pH, reaction temperature, reaction time, and biomass dosage) on the size and shape of the synthesized Pt NPs. For instance, the average particle size of Pt NPs was reported to decrease with increasing pH, reaction temperature, and concentration of plant extract.

Green Strategy–Based Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Applications

“…Moreover, phytochemicals effectively support the green generation of nanoparticles by acting as reductants as well as functionalizing the resultant nanoparticles. Furthermore, the green-based synthesis and functionalization of nanoparticles can be easily executed under normal physiological conditions (Jameel et al, 2020). Without a doubt, due to the double effect of phytomolecules, green-based synthesis meets the criteria of the best approach for preparing nanoparticles for biological applications because the resultant nanoparticles can be instantly applied without any post-synthesis modification (Mie et al, 2014).…”

Green Synthesis and Characterizations of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Leaf Extracts of Coffee (Coffea arabica) and Its Application in Environmental Toxicity Reduction

“…Nanoscience has numerous advantages in smart medicinal providing systems. In these schemes, the medicine is endangered and preserved from the location of the entrance to the nerve [14]. The coffee plant is a climber of one to seven meters long, and it has opposite-sided leaves with bulbous moods on both edges.…”

Peptide Gelators to Template Inorganic Nanoparticle Formation

“…More recently, Pt NPs also gained attention in the biomedical field, and for a range of uses that are based on their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties [ 86 ]. Research has also been active on their green synthesis [ 87 ]. One example was found in the literature that used a bolamphiphile, i.e., HO-Tyr-Leu-Suc-Phe-Tyr-OH, as a hydrogelator for the in situ formation of Pt NPs that were then applied for the hydrogenation in water of p-nitroaniline to p-phenylendiamine [ 69 ].…”