Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Thespesia populnea Bark Extract for Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue (MB) Degradation via Photocatalysis with Antimicrobial Activity and for Anticancer Activity

Abstract

The green synthesis method was used to effectively fabricate Ag-NPs by using Thespesia populnea bark extract. The structural, morphological, elemental composition, and optical properties of as-synthesized Ag-NPs were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Their photocatalytic efficiency as a photocatalyst was examined by degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under direct sunlight irradiation. After 120 minutes of sunlight irradiation, Ag-NPs show photocatalytic degradation efficiency (DE percent) of 92%. The hydroxyl and superoxide radicals were found to be responsible for biodegradation. To the best of our acquaintance, this is the first research to use Ag-NPs as a photocatalyst for the efficient degradation of MB dye and its antimicrobial activity by using Thespesia populnea bark extract. The cytotoxic viability against SK-MEL cell line with a median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 45 μL/mg proved its potent anticancer property. Based on the findings, the study revealed the significance of as-synthesized green Ag-NPs over other physically/chemically prepared Ag-NPs.

Biosynthesis and Multifaceted Characterization of Breynia nivosa-Derived Silver Nanoparticles: An Eco-Friendly Approach for Biomedical Applications

“…The slight line broadening of all peaks is attributed to the small size of the synthesized Ag-NPs. These results are consistent with previously reported findings . The XRD results further confirmed that the Ag-NPs are formed through the reduction of silver ions by the methanolic extract of B.…”

Use of Euphorbia balsamifera Extract in Precursor Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles for Efficient Removal of Bromocresol Green and Bromophenol Blue Toxic Dyes

“…Molecules 2023, 28, x FOR PEER REVIEW 7 of 22 and sulfur confirm that the Ag-NPs were successfully capped by compounds from the EBE [37,42]. The Ag-NPs were measured using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, with which their surface area and pore size distribution are precisely determined.…”

“…A strong absorption peak located at 4.05 keV can be attributed to the elemental silver in the nanoparticles. In addition, the signals observed for carbon, oxygen, and sulfur confirm that the Ag-NPs were successfully capped by compounds from the EBE [37,42]. The Ag-NPs were measured using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, with which their surface area and pore size distribution are precisely determined.…”

“…In the Ag-NPs spectrum, the bands at 881 cm −1 are characteristic of out-ofplane C-H flexural vibrations, and those at 510 cm −1 confirm the existence of Ag-NPs. The above data suggest that the water-soluble biomolecules containing phenol, carboxyl, and amide groups, such as proteins or flavonoids, cap and stabilize the synthesized Ag-NPs through physical absorption rather than chemical bonds [37]. The thermal stability of adsorbent materials is important as it provides information on their behavior under various temperature conditions.…”

“…It has been shown that the biosynthesis of Ag-NPs is regulated by a number of variables, such as time, metal salt, and concentration. In contrast, stabilizing agents and modifiers have proven to be crucial in controlling the shape of the granules by preventing aggregation [37,40,41]. Figure 4c depicts the elemental breakdown of Ag-NPs produced by green synthesis.…”