Green Process for Chemical Functionalization of Nanocellulose with Carboxylic Acids

Espino-Pérez, Etzael; Domenek, Sandra; Belgacem, Mohamed Naceur; Sillard, Cécile; Bras, Julien

doi:10.1021/bm5013458

Cited by 157 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The esterification of CNC with carboxylic acids was achieved using the recently described SolReact method (Espino-Perez et al 2014). A CNC suspension (10 wt%, pH 4.3) was subjected to ultrasound treatment for 3 min.…”

Section: Production Of Cellulose Nanocrystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose nanocrystal surface functionalization for the controlled sorption of water and organic vapours

et al. 2016

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The surface grafting of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) is a valuable tool to increase opportunities for their application. This work had several goals designed to improve CNC: reduction of hornification, increased re-dispersibility after CNC drying, and tuning of the surface graft to enhance the adsorption of particular molecules. To achieve this, the CNC surfaces were modified chemically with aromatic surface grafts using widely employed methods: the creation of urethane linkages, silylation and esterification. Even a low degree of grafting sufficed to increase water contact angles to as much as 96°. The analysis of water sorption isotherms showed that at high water activities, capillary condensation could be suppressed and hysteresis was decreased. This indicates that hornification was significantly suppressed. However, although the contact angles increased, the water sorption isotherms were changed only slightly because of reduced hysteresis. The grafts were not able to shield the surface from water vapour sorption. A comparison of the sorption isotherms of anisole and cyclohexane, sorbates with a similar surface area, showed that the sorption of anisole was three times higher than that of cyclohexane. The specific sorption of aromatic molecules was achieved and the most efficient methodology was the esterification of CNC with carboxylic acids containing a flexible linker between the aromatic moiety and ester bond.

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Section: Production Of Cellulose Nanocrystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose nanocrystal surface functionalization for the controlled sorption of water and organic vapours

et al. 2016

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“…Cellulose, the most widely available and renewable biopolymer in nature, is a very promising raw material available at low cost for the preparation of various functional materials. Native cellulose may be categorized as a semicrystalline fibrillar material that consists of amorphous and crystalline regions (Espino-Perez et al 2014). The amorphous regions act as structural defects and are susceptible to acid attack, and then individual short monocrystalline nanoparticles called cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are released by hydrolysis (Yu et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological toxicity of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) against the luxCDABE-based bioluminescent bioreporter Escherichia coli 652T7

Arnholt

Ripp

et al. 2015

Ecotoxicology

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological toxicity of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) using the constitutively bioluminescent luxCDABE-based bioreporter Escherichia coli 652T7. The effects of CNCs on E. c oli 652T7 biotoxicity were investigated at different CNC concentrations, reaction times, and IC50 values. CNC toxicity was also compared with and without ultrasonic dispersion to establish dispersibility effects. The results demonstrated that CNCs were not significantly toxic at concentrations at or below 250 mg/L. At concentrations higher than 300 mg/L, toxicity increased linearly as CNC concentrations increased up to 2000 mg/L. IC50 calculations demonstrated an increase in cytotoxicity as CNC exposure times increased, and elevated dispersibility of the CNCs were shown to increase cytotoxicity effects. These results suggest that CNCs can impact microbial populations if elevated concentration thresholds are met.

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“…The XPS spectra of unmodified and BA cross‐linked CNF/MMT aerogel (C1.5M0.17B0.45) are shown in Figure B. Regarding the unmodified sample, peaks at 286.1, 532.1, 102.3, 119, and 1071.1 eV contributed to C 1s, O 1s, Si 2p, Al 2s, and Na 1s . After BA cross‐linking, a new peak appeared at 192.3, which was associated with B 1s .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The uncross‐linked CNF/MMT aerogels displayed strong peaks at 284.6 and 286.3 eV attributed to C─C and C─OH or O─C─O bonds, respectively. Another shoulder peaks at 287.9 attributed to ─COOH …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boron/nitrogen flame retardant additives cross‐linked cellulose nanofibril/montmorillonite aerogels toward super‐low flammability and improved mechanical properties

Wang

Sánchez‐Soto

Fan

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Low‐flammability freeze‐dried cellulose nanofibril (CNF)/sodium montmorillonite (MMT) aerogels with improved mechanical properties were fabricated via a facile cross‐linking of boric acid (BA) and melamine‐formaldehyde (MF) resins. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that BA cross‐linking reduced the interspacing of layered CNF/MMT aerogels whereas introduction of MF formed polymeric fibrils that connected the layers. These changes on microstructures resulted in the improvement on compressive mechanical properties of the cross‐linked aerogels. Moreover, the boron (B)/nitrogen (N) containing flame retardant cross‐linkers greatly increased the limiting oxygen index values that could reach 85% and leveled the UL‐94 rating from no rating to V‐0. Cone calorimetric results suggested that BA and MF induced a synergistic effect on the flame retardant properties of the CNF/MMT aerogels. However, the thermal conductivity was little affected because pore structure and size was not substantially modified. This simple approach fabricated highly flame‐resistant and mechanically strong CNF‐based aerogels that could be used in various engineering fields.

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Green Process for Chemical Functionalization of Nanocellulose with Carboxylic Acids

Cited by 157 publications

References 47 publications

Cellulose nanocrystal surface functionalization for the controlled sorption of water and organic vapours

Cellulose nanocrystal surface functionalization for the controlled sorption of water and organic vapours

Biological toxicity of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) against the luxCDABE-based bioluminescent bioreporter Escherichia coli 652T7

Boron/nitrogen flame retardant additives cross‐linked cellulose nanofibril/montmorillonite aerogels toward super‐low flammability and improved mechanical properties

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