Green Diamonds of the South: An Overview of the San-Hoodia Case

Chennells, Roger

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-3123-5_6

Cited by 45 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…An example: 22 in 1995, the South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) obtained a patent concerning the appetite suppressant properties of a Kalahari succulent, the Hoodia. Efforts at developing commercial products from the succulent are directed at the anti-obesity market.…”

Section: Are Intellectual Property Rights Natural Rights?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to Life-Saving Medicines and Intellectual Property Rights: An Ethical Assessment

Schroeder¹,

Singer²

2011

Camb Q Healthc Ethics

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Dying before one’s time has been a prominent theme in classic literature and poetry. Catherine Linton’s youthful death in Wuthering Heights leaves behind a bereft Heathcliff and generations of mourning readers. The author herself, Emily Brontë, died young from tuberculosis. John Keats’ Ode on Melancholy captures the transitory beauty of 19th century human lives too often ravished by early death. Keats also died of tuberculosis, aged 25. “The bloom, whose petals nipped before they blew, died on the promise of the fruit” is how Percy Bysshe Shelley expressed his grief over Keats’ death. Emily Dickinson wrote So Has a Daisy Vanished, being driven into depression by the early loss of loved ones from typhoid and tuberculosis.

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Section: Are Intellectual Property Rights Natural Rights?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to Life-Saving Medicines and Intellectual Property Rights: An Ethical Assessment

Schroeder¹,

Singer²

2011

Camb Q Healthc Ethics

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“…A very close example to peyote is the situation with hoodia ( Hoodia gordonii ). Many lessons can be drawn from studying the regulation of trade and harvesting of this plant, and recognizing the importance of relationship building and active engagement with indigenous people as partners [58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DENSITIES, PLANT SIZES, AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF SIX WILD POPULATIONS OFLOPHOPHORA WILLIAMSII(CACTACEAE) IN TEXAS, U.S.A

Ermakova

Whiting

Trout³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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17 Wild-harvested plants are a globally valuable source of food and medicines and provide livelihoods 18 for millions of people. Lophophora williamsii (peyote) is a small psychoactive cactus native to Mexico 19 and Texas, USA, with considerable cultural, religious and medicinal significance to many indigenous 20 peoples of North America. Peyote, like many plant species globally, is facing multiple threats and is 21 in decline due to legal and illegal harvesting pressure as well as habitat conversion to grazing, 22 agriculture and other economic land uses. Most published studies on peyote have focused on the 23 plant's anthropological, chemical and medical aspects. Surprisingly little is known about the ecology 24 of this species, despite it being currently listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. Our study 25 addresses this gap by providing the first detailed comparison of peyote populations growing in two 26 distinct ecosystems in the USA: South Texas (Tamaulipan thornscrub) and West Texas (Chihuahuan 27 desert). We highlight regional differences, whereby in West Texas plants at the surveyed sites plants 28 were larger and densities were higher than in South Texas and note significant variability both within 29 and between study sites. We also find significant effects of temperature and precipitation on plant 30 size. Meaningful data about population size and structure across the range of habitats is the first 31 necessary step in order to address a major conservation challenge of sustainable management of 32 an overexploited resource. We conclude that urgent conservation and restoration efforts involving 33 Native Americans and local landowners are needed to secure long-term survival of this vulnerable 34 cactus. Keywords 35 Cactaceae, Lophophora williamsii, plant conservation, population ecology, sustainable harvesting, 36 ethnobotany.37 Global demand for wild-harvested resources is increasing, while natural habitat for such resources 38 is being lost to a variety of anthropogenic disturbances [1][2][3]. More than 28,000 plants are used for 39 medicinal purposes worldwide, many more have cultural and/or religious significance [4]. 40 International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) estimates that at least 15,000 of these are at 41 risk of extinction from a combination of over-harvesting, habitat destruction and climate change 42 [5]. Sustainable harvesting of wild species is a major global conservation challenge, yet the first 43 necessary step for this is understanding distribution and population structure of species in question. 44 Poor knowledge of ecology and population dynamics of plant species greatly limits conservation 45 actions and can result in inappropriate decisions and policies that do not ensure long-term survival, 46 as well as a waste of limited resources allocated to conservation [6]. Baseline population data across 47 the whole distribution range of species are crucial for developing and testing conservation 48 interventions, long-term monitoring and species responses to climate chang...

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“…The demand for several indigenous natural products has increased recently; for example, export of devil's claw (Harpagophytum species) from Namibia, increased from 96 tonnes in 1992 to 510 tonnes in 2013 (Cole, 2014a). Similarly, the demand for Hoodia species in Namibia has increased, especially after the South Africa-based Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) embarked on clinical trials and scientific research on the species (Wynberg and Chennells, 2009). The increasing commercial demand for INPs have raised concerns over resource depletion and the limited contribution of these products to community livelihood (Steward and Cole, 2005;Wynberg and Chennells, 2009).…”

Section: Ntfp In Namibiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The governance of indigenous natural products in Namibia : nature, diversity and dynamics

Ndeinoma

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Since the 1990s the contribution of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) to the objectives of biodiversity conservation and poverty alleviation received much international attention. Against this background, specific emphasis has been placed on developing sustainable commercialisation of devil's claw (Harpagophytum species) in Namibia. In this chapter, a discourse analysis is applied to examine how the different international perspectives on biodiversity conservation and poverty alleviation have shaped the development and transformation of the National Policy on Utilisation of Devil's Claw Products in Namibia. The chapter analyses the main contents of the international discourses on NTFP commercialisation, biodiversity conservation and poverty alleviation as spearheaded by conservation agreements and organisations such as CBD, CITES and TRAFFIC, and on how these discourses were articulated at the national level in specific storylines that are supported by different discourse coalitions. Two national discourses are identified. The first focuses on sustainable utilisation and management. It includes storylines on regulation of wild harvest, incentives for sustainable management and enhancement of community-based institutions. The second discourse focuses on commercialisation as a means of poverty alleviation. It includes two more specific orientations. The first concerns ethical sourcing through exclusive purchase agreements and facilitation of market competition; the second focuses on cultivation and biotechnology, stressing the development of large-scale plantations and enrichment planting for small-scale farmers, respectively. This chapter discusses the manner in which these different discourses, storylines and coalitions impacted actual policy development in Namibia. In order to further this policy, there is a need to establish a communicative network through which a common understanding of sustainable and ethical practices for sourcing and cultivating devil's claw can be established in Namibia.

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Green Diamonds of the South: An Overview of the San-Hoodia Case

Cited by 45 publications

References 7 publications

Access to Life-Saving Medicines and Intellectual Property Rights: An Ethical Assessment

Access to Life-Saving Medicines and Intellectual Property Rights: An Ethical Assessment

DENSITIES, PLANT SIZES, AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF SIX WILD POPULATIONS OFLOPHOPHORA WILLIAMSII(CACTACEAE) IN TEXAS, U.S.A

The governance of indigenous natural products in Namibia : nature, diversity and dynamics

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