Greater tolerance to losses in sensation seeking: Evidence from probability and delay discounting

Zheng, Ya; Tian, Moqian; Li, Qi; Liu, Xun

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.09.027

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…These findings suggest that compared to LSS individuals, HSS individuals are hyposensitive to potential losses. The current findings are in line with previous studies employing various decision-making tasks, including the BART (Bornovalova et al, 2009;Xu et al, 2013), Iowa Gambling Task (Penolazzi, Leone, & Russo, 2013), and the probability discounting task (Zheng, Tian, Li, & Liu, 2019). However, participants in the previous studies were instructed to make decisions in a losses and/or gains context, which suggested that a hypoactive avoidance (punishment) system or a hyperactive approach (reward) system may regulate risk decision-making behavior in sensation seeking.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

High sensation seeking is associated with behavioral and neural insensitivity to increased negative outcomes during decision-making under uncertainty

Luo

Xiao

et al. 2019

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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High-level sensation seeking (HSS) has been linked to a range of risky and unhealthy behavior; however, the neural mechanisms underlying such linkage remain unclear. In the present study, we used event-related potential (ERP) with a Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) to investigate how sensation seeking modulates brain responses to sequential decision-making with variable reward/loss outcome magnitudes. Behavior data showed that decision-making behavior was significantly affected by the large compared with the small magnitude of monetary outcome in the BART for individuals with low-level sensation seeking (LSS), but not for individuals with HSS. Similarly, HSS individuals displayed no changes in feedback-related negativity (FRN) in response to negative outcomes from decision-making with large or small reward/loss magnitudes, whereas LSS individuals showed greater FRN in response to decision-making with large loss magnitude than those with small loss magnitude. In addition, FRN amplitude differences correlated with decision-making behavior changes from small to large outcome magnitude for LSS, while such correlation was not observed for HSS. These findings suggest that a high-level of sensation seeking is associated with behavioral and neural insensitivity to increased negative outcome during decision-making under uncertainty, which may lead to greater risky behavior in these individuals when facing potential loss. Keywords Sensation seeking . Feedback-related negativity . Balloon Analogue Risk TaskHuman decision-making behaviors are influenced by a number of personality factors, including sensation seeking and impulsivity. Sensation seeking, a personality trait defined as the seeking of varied, novel, complex, and intense sensations and experiences, and willingness to take physical, social, legal, and financials risks for the sake of such experience (Zuckerman, 1994), has been linked to participation in various unhealthy and risky activities, including risky driving (Jonah, 1997), excessive gambling (Harris, Newby, & Klein, 2015), physically risky sports (Ruedl et al., 2015), aggressive and/or unsocialized behavior (Wilson & Scarpa, 2011), and substance use (Bardo et al., 2007). Compared to individuals with the low sensation-seeking (LSS) trait, individuals with the high sensation-seeking (HSS) trait tend to exhibit greater subjective rewarding effects when using psychostimulants, such as alcohol and d-amphetamine, or when ignoring traffic rules Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

High sensation seeking is associated with behavioral and neural insensitivity to increased negative outcomes during decision-making under uncertainty

Luo

Xiao

et al. 2019

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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“…Furthermore, early studies have shown that people with high sensation seeking tend to experience reduced anxious responses during anticipation of or direct engagement in stressful situations (Franken, Gibson, & Rowland, ; Lissek et al, ; Lissek & Powers, ) and display a reduced N2 in responses to emotional stimuli (Zheng et al, ). Together with these findings, our stop‐N2 results may support the hypothesis that sensation seeking is associated with a hypoactive avoidance system (Joseph et al, ; Lissek et al, ; Zheng, Tian, Li, & Liu, ). On the other hand, the augmentation of the stop‐N2 for unsuccessful inhibition is associated with the monitoring of conflict between the go and stop responses on unsuccessful trials (Folstein & Van Petten, ; Nieuwenhuis, Yeung, van den Wildenberg, & Ridderinkhof, ), which was less pronounced on successful trials during which go responses had overridden stop responses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Abnormal performance monitoring but intact response inhibition in sensation seeking

et al. 2019

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The sensation‐seeking trait is a potential endophenotype for various addictive behaviors. Using a nonclinical sample, the current ERP study examined the effects of sensation seeking on performance monitoring and response inhibition. Twenty high sensation seekers and 21 low sensation seekers were selected from a large sample based on their sensation‐seeking score and performed a stop‐signal task while their EEG was recorded. High relative to low sensation seekers displayed similar response inhibition in terms of performance measure and stop‐P3 amplitudes. Compared to low sensation seekers, however, high sensation seekers exhibited a reduced stop‐N2 for unsuccessful, but not successful, inhibition. Moreover, an enhanced go‐N2 in response to go signals was observed for high versus low sensation seekers, irrespective of whether the go signals were followed by a stop signal or not. Together, our findings suggest that sensation seeking in nonclinical populations is related to individual variability in performance monitoring rather than response inhibition, which provides important implications for the prevention and intervention of addictive behaviors that are driven by trait sensation seeking.

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“…People higher in impulsivity and sensation-seeking perceived less threat and were thus less likely to report intentions to prepare. This finding is consistent with existing research showing that highly impulsive and sensation-seeking people are less sensitive to losses and more likely to take risks (Lauriola et al, 2014;Zheng et al, 2019). The relationships linking sensation-seeking and impulsivity with preparation intentions also suggest that people higher in sensation-seeking may have different goals regarding hurricane threat.…”

Section: An Individual Differences Perspective On Threat Perception and Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Although some research suggests a general inclination to weigh losses more heavily than rewards (Tversky & Kahneman, 1991), research on impulsivity and sensationseeking shows that people high in these traits weigh rewards and losses differently (Kruschwitz et al, 2012). Importantly, the link between sensation-seeking and risk-taking behavior appears to be driven by weaker threat avoidance (rather than stronger reward approach; Zheng et al, 2019). In the case of the current work, however, it is less clear how sensationseeking and impulsivity may relate to threat responses when preparing is neither inherently nor immediately rewarding.…”

Section: Differential Responses To Threatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Politics, Personality, and Impulsivity Can Color People’s Perceptions of—and Responses to—Hurricane Threats of Varying Severity

Losee

Smith

Webster

2020

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

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Theory and research suggest that objective features of a threatening situation and individual differences influence threat responses. We examine three ways individual traits may relate to a threat response: (a) directly and independent of objective threat features, (b) indirectly through relationships with threat perception, or (c) as moderators of the relationship between objective threat features and responses. Using integrative data analysis (IDA), we aggregated data across three studies examining hurricane preparation intentions. Analysis supported two of the potential pathways. Supporting the first path, both openness and extraversion had direct, positive relationships with preparation likelihood. Supporting the second path, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and social conservatism positively related to preparation likelihood through a positive relationship with threat perception, whereas impulsivity and sensation-seeking negatively related to preparation likelihood through a negative relationship with threat perception. This work shows the pivotal role individual differences play regarding responses to uncertain threats.

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Greater tolerance to losses in sensation seeking: Evidence from probability and delay discounting

Cited by 12 publications

References 67 publications

High sensation seeking is associated with behavioral and neural insensitivity to increased negative outcomes during decision-making under uncertainty

High sensation seeking is associated with behavioral and neural insensitivity to increased negative outcomes during decision-making under uncertainty

Abnormal performance monitoring but intact response inhibition in sensation seeking

Politics, Personality, and Impulsivity Can Color People’s Perceptions of—and Responses to—Hurricane Threats of Varying Severity

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