Greater palatine foramen – key to successful hemimaxillary anaesthesia: a morphometric study and report of a rare aberration

Sharma, Namita; Garud, Rajendra

doi:10.11622/smedj.2013052

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, the mean anteroposterior diameter of GPF among Lebanese sample was higher than in the present study. 15 In the present study, average distance to midline from GPF was found to be 14.35 ± 2.56 mm, which is similar to the other reported studies, 16,17 and lower than that reported by other studies. 8,18 On the contrary, other studies have measured distance to midline from GPF on both right and left sides and found side-related differences in GPF findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Evaluation of Greater Palatine Foramen and Incisive Canal Foramen among Saudi Patients using Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans

Alotaibi¹,

Alansari²,

Alqahtani³

et al. 2018

Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry

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Introduction:The greater palatine foramen (GPF) and incisive canal foramen (ICF) play an important role in administering the local anesthetics.Aim: To evaluate the anatomic and morphologic variability of GPF and ICF in relation to age and gender of Saudi dental patients using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Materials and methods:This descriptive cross-sectional study evaluated the 182 CBCT scans of Saudi dental patients who were examined for GPF (n = 364) and ICF (n = 182) who had attended a private dental school. The relationship of GPF and ICF to the surrounding structures, midline maxillary suture (MMS) to the posterior border of the maxilla, dimensions and opening direction of ICF, and the dimensions of the canals were evaluated. Chi-square test, independent Student's t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were applied to elicit statistical significance.Results: Findings revealed that the gender variations were significant in lateral to medial diameter GPF, GPF distance to midline, GPF distance to posterior maxilla, and distance between ICF to GPF. Similarly, age groups showed differences in GPF distance to midline, and distance between ICF and GPF. A significant positive correlation between age and distance of IC to GPF was observed (r = 0.14, p = 0.007). Age showed a significant positive correlation with IC length (r = 0.151, p = 0.041). Conclusion:Age and gender differences were obvious with regard to dimension and morphology of the GPF, ICF, and other adjacent structures among Saudi dental patients as revealed by CBCT scans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Evaluation of Greater Palatine Foramen and Incisive Canal Foramen among Saudi Patients using Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans

Alotaibi¹,

Alansari²,

Alqahtani³

et al. 2018

Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry

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“…Ikuta and coworkers found in a cone beam computed tomography study that the GPF was located in 92 of 100 cases in the third molar region and in an average distance of 7.9 mm from the alveolar ridge (Ikuta et al. ), whereas a study in Indian skulls observed the GPF to be in the third molar region in only 73% of the cases (Sharma & Garud ). Monnet‐Corti and coworkers, who measured the distance of the main branches of the GPA from the palatal gingival margin in 198 plaster models of periodontally healthy patients, found that the average distance from the gingival margin to the GPA ranged from approximately 12 mm in the canine area to roughly 14 mm at the second molar level (Monnet‐Corti et al.…”

Section: Anatomical Landmarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

The addition of soft tissue replacement grafts in plastic periodontal and implant surgery: critical elements in design and execution

Zuhr

Bäumer²,

Hürzeler

2014

J Clinic Periodontology

241

328

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Soft tissue replacement grafts have become a substantial element to increase tissue volume in plastic periodontal and implant surgery. Autogenous subepithelial connective tissue grafts are increasingly applied in aesthetic indications like soft tissue thickening, recession treatment, ridge preservation, soft tissue ridge augmentation and papilla re‐construction. For the clinical performance of connective tissue graft harvesting and transplantation, a fundamental understanding of the anatomy at the donor sites and a sound knowledge of tissue integration and re‐vascularization processes are required. Possible donor sites are the anterior and posterior palate including the maxillary tuberosity, providing grafts of distinct geometric shape and histologic composition. The selective clinical application of different grafts depends on the amount of required tissue, the indication and the personal preference of the treating surgeon. One of the main future challenges is to volumetrically evaluate and compare the efficacy and long‐term stability of soft tissue autografts and their prospective substitutes. The aim of this review was to discuss the advantages and shortfalls of different donor sites, substitute materials and harvesting techniques. Although standardized recommendations regarding treatment choice and execution can hardly be given, guidelines for predictable and successful treatment outcomes are provided based on clinical experience and the available scientific data.

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“…The anterior (greater) palatine nerve supplies the main sensory innervation to the palate. It branches off the maxillary nerve and passes through the greater palatine canal (GPC) to surface on the hard palate from the greater palatine foramen (GPF), and continues anteriorly, ending just short of the front incisors (Sharma & Garud, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical landmarks for the localization of the greater palatine foramen – a study of 1200 head CTs, 150 dry skulls, systematic review of literature and meta‐analysis

et al. 2014

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Accurate knowledge of greater palatine foramen (GPF) anatomy is necessary when performing a variety of anaesthesiological, dental or surgical procedures. The first aim of this study was to localize the GPF in relation to multiple anatomical landmarks. The second aim was to perform a systematic review of literature, and to conduct a meta-analysis on the subject of GPF position to aid clinicians in their practice. One-hundred and fifty dry, adult, human skulls and 1200 archived head computed tomography scans were assessed and measured in terms of GPF relation to other anatomical reference points. A systematic literature search was performed using the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases, and a meta-analysis on the subject of GPF relation to the maxillary molars was conducted. On average, in the Polish population, the GPF was positioned 15.9 AE 1.5 mm from the midline maxillary suture (MMS), 3.0 AE 1.2 mm from the alveolar ridge (AR) and 17.0 AE 1.5 mm from the posterior nasal spine (PNS); 74.7% of GPF were positioned opposite the third maxillary molar (M3). Twenty-seven studies were included in the systematic review and 23 in the meta-analysis (n = 6927 GPF). The pooled prevalence of the GPF being positioned opposite the M3 was 63.9% (95% confidence interval = 56.6-70.9%). Concluding, the GPF is most often located opposite the M3 in the majority of the world's populations. The maxillary molars are the best landmarks for locating the GPF. In edentulous patients the most useful points for approximating the position of the GPF are the AR, MMS and PNS. This study introduces an easy and repeatable classification to reference the GPF to the maxillary molars.

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Greater palatine foramen – key to successful hemimaxillary anaesthesia: a morphometric study and report of a rare aberration

Cited by 36 publications

References 15 publications

Evaluation of Greater Palatine Foramen and Incisive Canal Foramen among Saudi Patients using Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans

Evaluation of Greater Palatine Foramen and Incisive Canal Foramen among Saudi Patients using Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans

The addition of soft tissue replacement grafts in plastic periodontal and implant surgery: critical elements in design and execution

Anatomical landmarks for the localization of the greater palatine foramen – a study of 1200 head CTs, 150 dry skulls, systematic review of literature and meta‐analysis

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