Grayanotoxin (Mad Honey) - Ongoing Consumption After Poisoning

Eroğlu, Serkan Emre; Urgan, Oğuz; Onur, Özge; Denizbaşı, Arzu; Akoğlu, Haldun

doi:10.5152/balkanmedj.2013.8100

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The number of studies of structural effects of RH on liver tissue is relatively small. Most of the studies take place on a clinical or biochemical level (Koca & Koca;Yaylaci et al;Dur et al;Eroglu et al, 2013). Silici & Atayoglu analyzed study results from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases relating to this subject from the years 1981-2014.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Rhododendron Honey on Mice Liver Tissue

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ILTER, G.; SÖYLER, G.; RASGELE, P. G.; KEKEÇOGLU, M & KAMBUR, M. The effect of rhododendron honey on mice liver tissue. Int. J. Morphol., 34(3): 842-847, 2016. SUMMARY: Rhododendron honey, made by bees from rhododendron pollen, contains a toxic substance called grayanotoxin. Depending on the dose, the poisonous honey can result in serious effects such as cardiac arrhythmia, fibrillation, and myocardial infarction. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the poisonous RH of the Black Sea Region on the liver. Male mice were divided into five groups of twelve mice each, two being the control groups (distilled water) and the others being the rhododendron honey (RH) groups (25, 50, and 75 mg/kg) and 0.01 mg/kg grayanotoxin (GTx) groups. Liver tissues were collected 24 and 48 h later. The sections were stained with hematoxylin, eosin and PAS, then the histopathological score was performed. Significant statistical differences were observed between the RH and control groups in terms of congestion, steatosis, sinusoid dilatation, and inflammation. The control group demonstrated a normal liver structure in the light microscopy, while the GTx-applied 24 h group exhibited expansions in the sinusoids and congestion. Higher levels of congestion, steatosis, and inflammatory cells were seen in the GTx-applied 48 h group. In the same group, giant cells consisting of many nuclei were observed in the sinusoids. The results of the 25 mg RH-applied groups were similar in 24 and 48 h, histopathological score levels were increased slightly, congestion and steatosis were prominent in the 48 h group. Dense steatosis was seen in the hepatocytes around the vena centralis in 50 mg/kg RH-applied 48 h group. Congestion, steatosis and an increase in inflammatory cells were observed in the hepatocytes in the 75 mg/kg RH-applied 24-and 48 h groups. PAS (+) stained hepatocytes were decreased in the RH-and GTx-applied groups. The toxic effects of the rhododendron honey were observed in the mice liver tissue with respect to dose and time. KÜKNER, A.; ILTER, G.; SÖYLER, G.; RASGELE, P. G.; KEKEÇOGLU, M & KAMBUR, M. The effect of rhododendron honey on mice liver tissue. Int. J. Morphol., 34(3):842-847, 2016.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Rhododendron Honey on Mice Liver Tissue

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Treatment involves mainly atropine and saline i.v. [226][227][228] As mentioned, class I antidysrhythmic drugs block Na + -channels. However, many of these drugs also possess additional activities producing a variety of cardiovascular actions/toxicities.…”

Section: Sodium Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fatalities are rare and patients are discharged from hospital usually within 1 or 2 days. Treatment involves mainly atropine and saline i.v …”

Section: Drugs With the Major Effects On The Heartmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive review of cardiovascular toxicity of drugs and related agents

Mladěnka

Applová

Patočka

et al. 2018

Medicinal Research Reviews

203

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in most developed countries of the world. Pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, and toxins can significantly contribute to the overall cardiovascular burden and thus deserve attention. The present article is a systematic overview of drugs that may induce distinct cardiovascular toxicity. The compounds are classified into agents that have significant effects on the heart, blood vessels, or both. The mechanism(s) of toxic action are discussed and treatment modalities are briefly mentioned in relevant cases. Due to the large number of clinically relevant compounds discussed, this article could be of interest to a broad audience including pharmacologists and toxicologists, pharmacists, physicians, and medicinal chemists. Particular emphasis is given to clinically relevant topics including the cardiovascular toxicity of illicit sympathomimetic drugs (e.g., cocaine, amphetamines, cathinones), drugs that prolong the QT interval, antidysrhythmic drugs, digoxin and other cardioactive steroids, beta‐blockers, calcium channel blockers, female hormones, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer compounds encompassing anthracyclines and novel targeted therapy interfering with the HER2 or the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway.

show abstract

“…yolla verdiği çalışma bulgularıyla da uyumludur. Sonuç olarak, grayanotoksin-III içeren deli bal zehirlenme olgularından elde edilen klinik bulgularda da bu durum gözlenmektedir (31)(32)(33)(34) . Ancak etkinin doza bağımlı arttığının gösterilmesi bulgularımızı değerli kılmaktadır.…”

Section: Gereç Ve Yöntem Deney Hayvanları Ve Laboratuvarunclassified

“…Zehirlenme olgularından elde edilen klinik intoksikasyon verilerine göre insanlarda gastrointestinal sistemden emilen toksin miktarı çoğunlukla minimal etkin doz ile letal doz arasında kalmaktadır. İntoksikasyon bulgularının 4-6 saat sürmesi de (31)(32)(33)(34) emilimin yavaş ve uzun süre devam ettiğini destekler niteliktedir. Bununla birlikte, türler arasında farklılık-lar olabileceği ve deli bal içerisinde bulunması olası diğer toksin ve maddelerin de toksisiteye katkı sağla-yabileceği unutulmamalıdır (35,36) .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

The dose-dependent cardiovascular eﬀects of intravenous grayanotoxin-III in rats

Yılmaz¹,

Kaya²,

Yaykaşlı³

et al. 2017

BUCH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ÖZAmaç: Deli bal zehirlenmelerin büyük bir kısmı ülkemizde görülmektedir. Deli bal içinde bulunan toksinlerin temel kaynağı Rhododendron türü bitkiler olup, bu bitkilerdeki toksinlerden en fazla grayanotoksin-III bulunur. Deli bal zehirlenmelerinde klinikte bradikardi, atriyoventriküler blok, asistoli, hipotansiyon, salivasyon gibi semptomlar görülür. Bu çalışmada, sıçanlara farklı dozlarda intravenöz (i.v.) yolla verilen grayanotoksin-III'ün doza bağımlı kardiyovasküler etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmada, 42 Wistar albino sıçan kullanılmış ve hayvanlar Kontrol, Grup 1 (5 µg/kg), Grup 2 (10 µg/kg), Grup 3 (20 µg/kg), Grup 4 (50 µg/kg) ve Grup 5 (100 µg/kg) olmak üzere altı gruba ayrılmıştır. Elektrokardiyogram (EKG), tansiyon arteriyel ve solunum sayısı için bazal değerler elde edildikten sonra i.v. grayanotoksin uygulanmasının ardından 60 dk. boyunca bu parametreler kaydedilmiştir. Bulgular: 5 µg/kg grayanotoksin-III verilen grupta, tüm zamanlarda anlamlı bir deği-şiklik olmazken, 10 ve 20 µg/kg toksin verilen gruplarda 2. ve 5. dk.'dan sonra anlamlı biçimde solunum sayıları ve kalp tepe atım sayıları azalmış, arteryel basınçlarda düşme görülmüştür. Yirmi beşinci dk.'dan sonra ise tüm parametreler bazal değerlere yeniden geri dönmüştür. Elli ve 100 µg/kg grayanotoksin-III verilen gruplarda, 2. dk.'dan itibaren tüm parametrelerde hızla düşme olmuş ve 5-10 dk. içinde sıçanlar ölmüştür. Sonuç: Sıçanlar için i.v. grayanotoksin-III'ün 50 µg/kg ve üzerindeki yüksek dozlarda lethal olabildiği, ölümün kardiyak arrest nedeniyle görüldüğü, 5 µg/kg ve altındaki düşük dozlarda toksik etkilerin görülmediği, i.v. uygulamada toksik etkilerin yaklaşık olarak 25 dk. sürdüğü saptanmıştır. Anahtar kelimeler: Grayanotoksin-III, deli bal, kardivasküler etkiler ABSTRACTObjective: The mad honey poisonings are commonly seen in our country. The source of the toxin in mad honey is plants of Rhododendron species. Grayanotoxin-III type toxin is commonly found in these plants. Clinical effects of this toxin are bradycardia, atrioventricular block, asystole, hypotension and symptoms such as salivation. In this study; different doses of grayanotoxin-III were intravenously administered to rats (i.v) and the effect of grayanotoxin on cardiovascular system was evaluated. Methods: This study was performed on 42 Wistar albino rats and the animals were divided into six groups. Control, Group 1 (5 µg/kg), Group 2 (10 µg/kg), Group 3 (20 µg/kg), Group 4 (50 µg/kg) and Group 5 (100 µg/kg) groups were formed. Baseline values for electrocardiography (ECG), arterial blood pressure and respiratory rate were obtained and recorded for 60 minutes after administration of i.v. grayanotoxin-III. Results: Group1 (5 µg/kg) was not significantly changed in all time periods. In 10 and 20 µg/kg groups, respiratory rates, peak heart rates decreased significantly and drop in arterial blood pressures was observed after 2 nd and 5 th minutes. While 25 minutes after administration of i.v. grayanotoxin-III all parameters returned to baseline v...

show abstract

Grayanotoxin (Mad Honey) - Ongoing Consumption After Poisoning

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

The Effect of Rhododendron Honey on Mice Liver Tissue

The Effect of Rhododendron Honey on Mice Liver Tissue

Comprehensive review of cardiovascular toxicity of drugs and related agents

The dose-dependent cardiovascular eﬀects of intravenous grayanotoxin-III in rats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About