Graphene Oxide of Extra High Oxidation: A Wafer for Loading Guest Molecules

Abstract

We present a new modification of graphene oxide with very high content (85 wt %) of oxygen-containing functional groups (hydroxy, epoxy, lactol, carboxyl, and carbonyl groups) that forms stable aqueous dispersion in up to 9 g·L–1 concentration solutions. A novel faster method of the synthesis is described that produces up to 1 kg of the material and allows controlling the particle size in solution. The synthesized compound was characterized by various physicochemical methods and molecular dynamics modeling, revealing a unique structure in the form of a multilayered wafer of several sheets thick, where each sheet is highly corrugated. The ragged structure of the sheets forms pockets with hindered mobility of water that leads to the possibility of trapping guest molecules.

Mutual influence of malignant cells and cellular microenvironment: prospects for manipulating tumour microenvironment with nanomaterials

“…This effect increased the penetration of the GO-DOX conjugate into the interstitial space of mouse liver carcinoma through damaged capillaries. Over past few years, a series of works was published at the Department of General and Bioorganic Chemistry (Pavlov University, St. Petersburg) which demonstrated an opportunity of reducing toxicity to acceptable level, due to functionalisation of the graphene carrier [52][53][54]. Moreover, the graphene-based nanomaterials (GBN) have been shown to have a number of advantages: stimulation of immune response, inhibition of tumour stem cells, regulation of angiogenesis and hypoxia [55].…”