Graphene Oxide for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Graphene oxide (GO) is one of the most promising functional materials used in various applications like energy storage (batteries and supercapacitors) sensors, photocatalysis, electronics and in biomedicine. The last 10 years literature on GO for biomedical applications revealed and confirmed the scope of its potential capabilities as biomaterial. GO alone and its modified form with different materials (surface functionalization, immobilization of nanoparticles and composite formation) also proved as a multifunctional candidate for medical biotechnology. A material for its use in biomedical applications must be biocompatible and nontoxic to the living cells.. Although there are some concerns about the toxicity of the GO in specific cases, a dosage range and size effects reported in the literature to use it as a nontoxic materials. In view of all these points, an effort has been made to review and emphasize the scope of GO as a biomedical agent for the applications like targeted drug delivery, cancer theranostics, bioimaging and biosensors etc. Further, potential applications along with the future scope and limitations of GO have also been highlighted in this review.

Serum albumin and chondroadherin interact with graphene oxide coating of orthopedic implant; computational insights

“… Orthopedic implant coating materials include; Calcium phosphate-based biocompatible materials, graphene oxide and other polymers [2]. Graphene oxide is gaining attention in bio-compatible materials industry targeting medical applications [3].  Previous experimental studies have shown that GO coatings might be a good candidate as a coating material for orthopedic implants [4].…”

Recent Advances in Graphene Oxide-Based on Organoid Culture as Disease Model and Cell Behavior – A Systematic Literature Review

“…106,107 GO possesses physicochemical properties and biocompatibility due to its unique structure, which is a graphene basal plane attached with functional groups like hydroxyl (OH) and carboxylic (COOH), which leads to further functionalization and conjugation or immobilization of other nanoparticles on its surface. [108][109][110][111][112] In addition, the GO surface's morphology, shape, size, and functional groups stimulate biological activity and may even improve cell-cell interactions. 113 Because GO has excellent surface functionality and is rich in oxygen-containing groups, it can be easily modified with other materials, improving solubility, selectivity, and biocompatibility.…”

“…103,113 Interestingly, because GO is photoluminescent and permeable to cell membranes, it can be used in drug delivery and gene delivery. 117 As a result, GO has been predominantly used in biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, cancer therapy, drug delivery, gene delivery, and biosensing, 108,[118][119][120] as illustrated in Figure 2.…”