Graphene Oxide as a Collagen Modifier of Amniotic Membrane and Burnt Skin

Abstract

Introduction:The aim of this interdisciplinary study was to answer the question of whether active antioxidants as graphene oxide (GO), sodium ascorbate, and L-ascorbic acid modify at a molecular and supramolecular level the tissue of pathological amnion and the necrotic eschar degraded in thermal burn. We propose new solutions of modifiers based on GO that will become innovative ingredients to be used in transplants (amnion) and enhance regeneration of epidermis degraded in thermal burn. Methods: A Nicolet 6700 spectrophotometer with Omnic software and the EasiDiff diffusion accessory were used in FTIR spectroscopic analysis. A Nicolet Magna-IR 860 spectrometer with an FT Raman accessory was used to record the Raman spectra of the samples. The surface of the samples was examined using a Phenom ProX scanning electron microscope with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy detector to diagnose and illustrate morphological effects on skin and amnion samples. SAXS measurements were carried out with a compact Kratky camera equipped with the SWAXS optical system. Results: Characterisation of amide I-III regions, important for molecular structure, on both FTIR and FTR spectra revealed distinct shifts, testifying to organization of protein structure after GO modification. A wide lipid band associated with ester-group vibrations in phospholipids of cell membranes and vibrations of the carbonyl group of GO in the 1,790-1,720 cm −1 band were observed in the spectra of thermally degraded and GO-modified epidermis and pathological amnion. SAXS studies revealed that GO caused a significant change in the structure of the burnt skin, but its influence on the structure of the amnion was weak. Conclusion: Modification of burn-damaged epidermis and pathological amnion by means of GO results in stabilization and regeneration of tissue at the level of molecular (FTIR, FTR) and supramolecular (SAXS) interactions.

Human amniotic membrane as a multifunctional biomaterial: recent advances and applications

“…For example, the incorporation of graphene oxide into amnion by increasing the stability of amnion and modifying the conformational changes in collagen enhanced the regeneration of the epidermis in burned human skin. 59 Amnion extract-loaded nanoparticles (composed of a 4.9:1 ratio of dextran sulfate to chitosan) showed better biological activity than the non-capsulated amnion extract. Nano delivery of amnion extract not only reduces donor-derived infectious risk but also improves the efficacy of treatments by slowly releasing bioactive factors and secretome (i.e., secreted factors of amnion) of amnion after grafting.…”