Graphene-based electrochemical supercapacitors

Vivekchand, S. R. C.; Rout, Chandra Sekhar; Subrahmanyam, K. S.; Govindaraj, A.; Rao, C. N. R.

doi:10.1007/s12039-008-0002-7

Cited by 813 publications

(464 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…At this point, graphene nanosheets can serve as the promising catalyst support because of its low-cost and large-scale production. In addition, free standing graphene sheets have large surface area, high thermal and electrical conductivity, and high mobility of charge carriers (6) (8) demonstrated that graphene could be a good candidate as an electrode in supercapacitors because the specific capacitance of the exfoliated graphene in the aqueous electrolyte was better than activated carbons and carbon nanotubes. In another work, Ruoff et al (9) showed that chemically modified graphene was incorporated into ultracapacitor test electrodes in order to increase the energy density of the packaged ultracapacitor by increasing the electrode thickness and eliminating additives.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Layer-by-Layer Polypyrrole Coated Graphite Oxide and Graphene Nanosheets as Catalyst Support Materials for Fuel Cells

Saner

Gürsel

Yürüm

2012

Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 applications yet it is necessary to develop low cost and more efficient PEMFCs. The heart of the PEMFC is the membrane electrode assembly composed of a proton exchange membrane sandwiched between two porous gas diffusion electrodes. These electrodes are made up of a catalyst support material or gas diffusion layer and a catalyst layer. Catalyst support materials have significant effect on the cost, performance and the durability of PEMFCs. The ideal support materials should provide high dispersion, utilization, activity, and stability for the catalyst especially platinum (Pt) (1-3). Carbon black has been extensively used as a catalyst support for Pt in PEMFC. However, alternatives to carbon black are still needed to enhance catalyst utilization and reduce the cost.Novel nanostructured carbon materials (carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes and graphene) have generated intense interest as catalyst supports in PEMFCs due to their unique structures and properties (4, 5). However, the main drawbacks of these materials are high production cost and mass production. At this point, graphene nanosheets can serve as the promising catalyst support because of its low-cost and large-scale production. In addition, free standing graphene sheets have large surface area, high thermal and electrical conductivity, and high mobility of charge carriers (6). According to Saner et al. (7) a few graphene layers provide effective surface area to improve metal-support interaction. Authors proposed a mild chemical exfoliation method for the reduction of layer number in graphitic structure and the production in large quantities of 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 Ruoff et al. (9) showed that chemically modified graphene was incorporated into ultracapacitor test electrodes in order to increase the energy density of the packaged ultracapacitor by increasing the electrode thickness and eliminating additives.Conducting polymers have high conductivity, are lightweight, inexpensive, flexible, airstable, and environmentally friendly but the major obstacle of conducting polymers as an electrode material is the degradation during cycling because of the volume change of the polymer due to the insertion/deinsertion of counter ions (10).Therefore, nanocomposites based on conducting polymers and carbon nanomaterials can be used as a potential catalyst support to improve the properties of supports and extend life cycle of fuel cells. There have been several attempts for the synthesis of these type of nanocomposites. Previously, Wang et al. (11) reported that the remarkable electrical conductivity and specific capacitance of graphene/polya...

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confidence: 99%

Layer-by-Layer Polypyrrole Coated Graphite Oxide and Graphene Nanosheets as Catalyst Support Materials for Fuel Cells

Saner

Gürsel

Yürüm

2012

Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures

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“…Carbon nanomaterials have emerged as a rising star in the material science community, during the past two decades [10][11][12]. Carbon nanotubes and graphenes are also studied for the development of batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Most of the research works on the conductive polymers composites focus on modification of the electrical properties [21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotubes Effect for Polymer Materials on Break Down Voltage

Nasrat

Iskander

Kamel

2017

IJECE

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Epoxy resin composites reinforced to different types of carbon nano-particles have been fabricated. Carbon black (20, 30 and 40 wt. %), graphene (0.5 to 4 wt. %) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) (0.5 to 2 wt. %) were added with different weight percentages to epoxy. The dielectric strength of composites was tested in several conditions such as (dry, wet, low salinity and high salinity). The mechanical characterization showed that the nano-composite Polymer enhanced by using these particles in the tensile strength. Thermal gravimetric analysis shows effect of these nano-particles on the thermal structure of epoxy resin. Scanning Electron Microscopic test is used to characterize the dispersion of carbon nano-particles and to analysis the fractured parts in the nano scale. Keyword:Carbon nano tubes Carbon black Graphene Dielectric strength Tensile strength Copyright © 2017 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science.All rights reserved. Corresponding Author:Marina N. Kamel, Maintenance Engineer at Marwa Company, Aswan, Egypt. Email: eng.marina2013@gmail.com INTRODUCTIONThe electrical behavior for epoxy hybrid composites depends on the added filler. Therefore the filler contains two types with different particle size (filler). The main purpose of filler addition is the improvement of electrical performance and mechanical feature. The resistivity of composite with filler is maximized comparing with nano and micro composite [1]. Conducting polymers have been the subjects of study for many decades as possible synthetic metals. However, the practical uses of conducting polymers are not very likely because of their poor mechanical properties and process ability that rarely meet the industrial requirements. Thus, a unique combination of electronic and mechanical properties of composites of conducting polymers with conventional polymers seems to have great applications. The applications of conducting polymers are used in light emitting diode (LED) [2], sensors [3], a microbial fuel cell (MFC) [4], Organic Thin Film Transistor (OTFT) [5]. The field of nanoscience has blossomed over the last two decades and the importance of nanotechnology increase in areas such as computing, sensors, biomedical and many other applications. In this regard the discovery of grapheme [6] and graphene-based polymer nano composites is an important addition in the field of nano science. Carbon nanotubes were first discovered in 1991, and quickly became the focus of much research activity, due to their exceptional electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties [7].Carbon assumes an array of structural forms, such as diamond, graphite, graphene, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and amorphous carbon [8], [9]. Carbon nanomaterials have emerged as a rising star in the material science community, during the past two decades [10][11][12]. Carbon nanotubes and graphenes are also studied for the development of batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Most of the research works on the conductive polymers composites focus on modi...

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“…As the basic structure of all graphitic forms, graphene is a building block for carbon materials of all other dimensionalities, such as 0D fullerene, 1D nanotube, and 3D graphite. Because of its properties such as large specific surface area [20], high thermal and electrical conductivities [21], great mechanical strength [22], graphene has attracted a growing interest, founding potential applications in many fields such as nanocomposites [23], batteries [24], supercapacitors [25], nanoelectronics [26] and sensors [27], etc. These peculiar properties make graphene an excellent additive to dramatically enhance the mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of compounds [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and mechanical improvement of aluminum open-cells foams through electrodeposition of copper and graphene

2016

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-Thanks to its planar structure, graphene is characterized by unique properties, such as excellent chemical inactivity, high electrical and thermal conductivity, high optical transparency, extraordinary flexibility and high mechanical resistance, which make it suitable in a very wide range of applications. This paper details the state of the art in graphene coating applied to aluminum open-cells foams for the improvement of their mechanical and thermal behavior. Metallic foams are highly porous materials with extremely high convective heat transfer coefficients, thanks to their complex structure of three-dimensional open-cells. Graphene nanoplatelets have been used to improve thermal conductivity of aluminum foams, to make them better suitable during heat transfer in transient state. Also, an improvement of mechanical resistance has been observed. Before electrodeposition, all the samples have been subjected to sandblasting process, to eliminate the oxide layer on the surface, enabling a better adhesion of the coating. Different nanoparticles of graphene have been used. The experimental findings revealed a higher thermal conductivity for aluminum open cells foams electroplated with graphene. Considered the relatively low process costs and the improvements obtainable, these materials are very promising in many technological fields. The topics covered include surface modification, electrochemical plating, thermo-graphic analysis.

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Graphene-based electrochemical supercapacitors

Cited by 813 publications

References 19 publications

Layer-by-Layer Polypyrrole Coated Graphite Oxide and Graphene Nanosheets as Catalyst Support Materials for Fuel Cells

Layer-by-Layer Polypyrrole Coated Graphite Oxide and Graphene Nanosheets as Catalyst Support Materials for Fuel Cells

Carbon Nanotubes Effect for Polymer Materials on Break Down Voltage

Thermal and mechanical improvement of aluminum open-cells foams through electrodeposition of copper and graphene

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