Graphene and Graphene Oxide Can “Lubricate” Ionic Liquids based on Specific Surface Interactions Leading to Improved Low‐Temperature Hypergolic Performance

McCrary, Parker D.; Beasley, Preston A.; Alaniz, Spencer A.; Griggs, Chris S.; Frazier, R. M.; Rogers, Robin D.

doi:10.1002/anie.201205126

Cited by 57 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It has been shown [45] that IL molecules interact with graphene nanophases, producing new dispersions with a remarkable change in the physical properties of the nanofluid with respect to pristine IL. Low concentration stable graphene dispersions in IL can reduce the viscosity by reducing the internal friction between molecules and the cation-anion interactions.…”

Section: Ionanocarbon Lubricantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionanocarbon Lubricants. The Combination of Ionic Liquids and Carbon Nanophases in Tribology

et al. 2017

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The present overview will focus on the tribological applications of what we have called ionanocarbon lubricants, that is, the combination of carbon nanophases (graphene, carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds, carbon nanodots) and room-temperature ionic liquids in new dispersions, blends, or modified nanostructures and their use in tribology, lubrication, and surface engineering as friction-reducing, antiwear, and surface-protecting agents in thin films and composite materials. Further research lines and factors that limit the practical applications of the outstanding research results are also highlighted. The very recent results in these lines of research make this a necessary brief review.

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Section: Ionanocarbon Lubricantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionanocarbon Lubricants. The Combination of Ionic Liquids and Carbon Nanophases in Tribology

et al. 2017

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“…The combination of XPS, IR, and zeta potential results showed that strong interactions exist between boron and ionic liquids, in which a strongly bound layer that is dense enough to protect the boron surfaces from air oxidation exists on the surface of boron nanoparticles 23. In addition, others have demonstrated that the dispersions of graphene or graphene oxide in the hypergolic ionic liquids can significantly depress the viscosities of ionic liquids, thereby leading to improved lower temperature hypergolic performance but with a concomitant small increase in the ignition delay time 24. More interestingly, the type of graphene surface can lead to dramatically different viscosity and ignition behavior.…”

Section: Boron Chemistry: New Opportunity For Hypergolic Ionic Liquidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[23] In addition, others have demonstrated that the dispersions of graphene or graphene oxide in the hypergolic ionic liquids can significantly depress the viscosities of ionic liquids, thereby leading to improved lower temperature hypergolic performance but with a concomitant small increase in the ignition delay time. [24] More interestingly, the type of graphene surface can lead to dramatically different viscosity and ignition behavior. Essentially, the role of graphene-based nanomaterials in this strategy is the catalytic burn rate enhancer during the hypergolic reaction.…”

Section: Boron Chemistry: New Opportunity For Hypergolic Ionic Liquidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquid Propellants: Future Fuels for Space Propulsion

Zhang¹,

Shreeve²

2013

Chemistry A European J

104

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Use of green propellants is a trend for future space propulsion. Hypergolic ionic liquid propellants, which are environmentally-benign while exhibiting energetic performances comparable to hydrazine, have shown great potential to meet the requirements of developing nontoxic high-performance propellant formulations for space propulsion applications. This Concept article presents a review of recent advances in the field of ionic liquid propellants.

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“…The current choices of hypergolic liquid propellants are primarily focused on hydrazine and its derivatives, such as monomethyl hydrazine (MMH) and unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH). However, these hydrazine‐based fuels are highly toxic owing to their volatility and carcinogenic properties, which leads to expensive storage and handling procedures and costly safety precautions . Hence, the search for more environmentally friendly hypergolic fuels has become a necessity for space science …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Properties of Azide‐Functionalized Ionic Liquids as Attractive Hypergolic Fuels

Wang

Pan

Wang

et al. 2019

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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Hypergolic ionic liquids (ILs) have shown a great promise as viable replacements for toxic and volatile hydrazine derivatives used as propellant fuels, and hence, have attracted increasing interest over the last decade. To take advantage of the reactivity and high energy density of the azido group, a family of low‐cost and easily prepared azide‐functionalized cation‐based ILs, including fuel‐rich anions, such as nitrate, dicyanamide, and nitrocyanamide anions, were synthesized and characterized. All the dicyanamide‐ and nitrocyanamide‐based ILs exhibited spontaneous combustion upon contact with 100 % HNO3. The densities of these hypergolic ILs varied in the range 1.11–1.29 g cm−3, and the density‐specific impulse, predicted based on Gaussian 09 calculations, was between 289.9 and 344.9 s g cm−3. The values of these two key physical properties are much higher than those of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH). Among the studied compounds, compound IL‐3b, that is, 1‐(2‐azidoethyl)‐1‐methylpyrrolidin‐1‐ium dicyanamide, shows excellent integrated properties including the lowest viscosity (30.9 M Pa s), wide liquid operating range (−70 to 205 °C), shortest ignition‐delay time (7 ms) with 100 % HNO3, and superior density specific impulse (302.5 s g cm−3), suggesting promising applications with potential as bipropellant formulations.

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Graphene and Graphene Oxide Can “Lubricate” Ionic Liquids based on Specific Surface Interactions Leading to Improved Low‐Temperature Hypergolic Performance

Abstract: Space-qualified lubricants: Graphene and graphene oxide (r-GO) can strongly improve the low-temperature performance of hypergolic ionic liquids by reduction of viscosity. Key to success is to match the graphene type to the specific ionic-liquid functionality.

Cited by 57 publications

References 29 publications

Ionanocarbon Lubricants. The Combination of Ionic Liquids and Carbon Nanophases in Tribology

Ionanocarbon Lubricants. The Combination of Ionic Liquids and Carbon Nanophases in Tribology

Ionic Liquid Propellants: Future Fuels for Space Propulsion

Synthesis and Properties of Azide‐Functionalized Ionic Liquids as Attractive Hypergolic Fuels

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