Granulomatous Skin Infection Caused by Malassezia pachydermatis in a Dog Owner

Fan, Yi‐Ming; Huang, Wenming; Li, Shun-Fan; Wu, Guofeng; Lai, Kuan; Chen, Rongyi

doi:10.1001/archderm.142.9.1181

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Once introduced to a facility, Malassezia yeasts can persist on incubator surfaces for prolonged periods of time (Van Belkum et al, 1994). A subsequent case report described a facial granuloma caused by M. pachydermatis in a dog owner (Fan et al, 2006), and recently M. pachydermatisassociated fungemia has been reported in a small number of adults with various predisposing factors (Choudhury and Marte, 2014;Roman et al, 2016;Lee et al, 2019). Since hand contamination by M. pachydermatis is common amongst dog owners, especially in owners of allergic dogs with Malassezia overgrowth (Morris, 2005), there is a clear need for rigorous hand hygiene by individuals in contact with pet dogs and cats, especially when there is contact with immunocompromised individuals (Bond et al, 2020).…”

Section: Potential Transmission Of Malassezia Yeasts From Animals To mentioning

confidence: 99%

Malassezia Yeasts in Veterinary Dermatology: An Updated Overview

Guillot

Bond

2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Lipophilic yeasts of the genus Malassezia are important skin commensals and opportunistic skin pathogens in a variety of animals. The species M. pachydermatis was first isolated from the skin of a captive Indian rhinoceros with an exfoliative dermatitis in 1925, recognized as an important otic pathogen of dogs in the 1950's, and finally accepted, after several years of controversy, as a common cause of canine dermatitis in the 1990's. Since then, there has been considerable research into the biology of Malassezia yeasts and their interaction with their animal hosts. In dogs and cats, M. pachydermatis is associated with ceruminous otitis externa and a "seborrhoeic" dermatitis, wherein pruritic, erythematous skin lesions, often with brown/black greasy, malodourous material matting hairs, preferentially develop in intertriginous areas. Skin disease is favored by folds, underlying hypersensitivity disorders, endocrinopathies, defects of cornification, and in cats, various visceral paraneoplastic syndromes. Diagnosis is based on detecting the yeast in compatible skin lesions, usually by cytology, and observing a clinical and mycological response to therapy. Treatment normally comprises topical or systemic azole therapy, often with miconazole-chlorhexidine shampoos or oral itraconazole or ketoconazole. Management of concurrent diseases is important to minimize relapses. Historically, wild-type Malassezia isolates from dogs and cats were typically susceptible to azoles, with the exception of fluconazole, but emerging azole resistance in field strains has recently been associated with either mutations or quadruplication of the ERG11 gene. These observations have prompted increased interest in alternative topical antifungal drugs, such as chlorhexidine, and various essential oils. Further clinical trials are awaited with interest.

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Section: Potential Transmission Of Malassezia Yeasts From Animals To mentioning

confidence: 99%

Malassezia Yeasts in Veterinary Dermatology: An Updated Overview

Guillot

Bond

2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Superficial mycoses are not commonly treated with thermotherapy or cryotherapy, probably because they readily respond to standard local or systemic antifungals. However, a case of Malassezia pachydermatis in a dog owner treated with several systemic antimicrobials in addition to liquid nitrogen without relapse has been reported [13]. There are also scattered reports of subcutaneous fungal infections, such as a mycetoma, sporotrichosis, or chromoblastomycosis, responding to cryotherapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichophyton mentagrophytes-associated Majocchi’s granuloma treated with cryotherapy

Pietrzak¹,

Tomasiewicz²,

Kanitakis³

et al. 2012

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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We here report the case of a woman with dermatophytosis of the thighs due to Trichophyton mentagrophytes where an unusual clinical picture posed considerable diagnostic and therapeutic problems. She presented numerous skin lesions located on the dorsolateral face of the left thigh and the medial surface of the right calf. The initial lesions consisted of small itchy pustules that evolved to exfoliation after scratching. Results of histopathologic examination ofa skin biopsy were consistent with dermatophytosis, although the negativity of PAS staining did not allow confirmation of this diagnosis. Direct microscopic examination with 10% KOH was negative; however, skin cultures on BioMerieux media revealed Tr. Mentagrophytes. Following the diagnosis of Trichophyton infection, the patient was treated with a combination of isoconazole nitrate and difluocortolone valerate. After therapy, both direct microscopic mycologic examination and culture on BioMerieux medium were negative; however, the lesions persisted, assuming a completely different aspect. Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen was started. This led to a spectacular improvement: the surface of the skin became almost normal, merely showing slight discoloration. An unusual clinical presentation and non-responsiveness to treatment should prompt revision of the primary diagnosis. A negative result of direct microscopy should not exclude the diagnosis of dermatophytosis. Cryotherapy should be considered in cases that do not respond to conventional antifungal medication.

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“…However, a case of Malassezia pachydermatis in a dog owner treated with several systemic antimicrobials in addition to liquid nitrogen without relapse has been reported [13]. There are also scattered reports of subcutaneous fungal infections, such as a mycetoma, sporotrichosis, or chromoblastomycosis, responding to cryotherapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichophyton mentagrophytes-associated Majocchi’s granuloma treated with cryotherapy

Pietrzak¹,

Tomasiewicz²,

Kanitakis³

et al. 2012

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:We here report the case of a woman with dermatophytosis of the thighs due to Trichophyton mentagrophytes where an unusual clinical picture posed considerable diagnostic and therapeutic problems. She presented numerous skin lesions located on the dorsolateral face of the left thigh and the medial surface of the right calf. The initial lesions consisted of small itchy pustules that evolved to exfoliation after scratching. Results of histopathologic examination of a skin biopsy were consistent with dermatophytosis, although the negativity of PAS staining did not allow confirmation of this diagnosis. Direct microscopic examination with 10% KOH was negative; however, skin cultures on BioMerieux media revealed Tr. Mentagrophytes. Following the diagnosis of Trichophyton infection, the patient was treated with a combination of isoconazole nitrate and difluocortolone valerate. After therapy, both direct microscopic mycologic examination and culture on BioMerieux medium were negative; however, the lesions persisted, assuming a completely different aspect. Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen was started. This led to a spectacular improvement: the surface of the skin became almost normal, merely showing slight discoloration. An unusual clinical presentation and non-responsiveness to treatment should prompt revision of the primary diagnosis. A negative result of direct microscopy should not exclude the diagnosis of dermatophytosis. Cryotherapy should be considered in cases that do not respond to conventional antifungal medication.

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Granulomatous Skin Infection Caused by Malassezia pachydermatis in a Dog Owner

Cited by 28 publications

References 14 publications

Malassezia Yeasts in Veterinary Dermatology: An Updated Overview

Malassezia Yeasts in Veterinary Dermatology: An Updated Overview

Trichophyton mentagrophytes-associated Majocchi’s granuloma treated with cryotherapy

Trichophyton mentagrophytes-associated Majocchi’s granuloma treated with cryotherapy

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