Granular cell tumor in male breast masquerading as atypical apocrine neoplasm: A potential diagnostic pitfall in fine needle aspiration cytology

Wang, Yeh-Han; Lee, Ming-Yuan

doi:10.1002/dc.23475

Cited by 4 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The cytoplasmic granules are readily appreciated on Pap stain, and may produce a granular background when slides are forcefully smeared (Figure ). Cellular pleomorphism, necrosis, mitosis, and prominent nucleoli may be suggestive of malignant GCT, which is extremely rare …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some cytomorphologic features of GCT overlap with apocrine lesions ranging from apocrine metaplasia to apocrine carcinoma . Apocrine metaplasia, seen as a component of non‐proliferative fibrocystic changes, yields benign apocrine cells on cytology that are either arranged as flat sheets or single cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of highly cellular samples with large hyperchromatic irregular nuclei with pleomorphism, macro nucleoli, necrotic backgrounds, and absent bipolar cells should raise suspicion for apocrine carcinoma. If there is sufficient material on the cell block, a cytokeratin immunohistochemical stain may prove helpful . GCTs may also overlap with histiocytic lesions including fat necrosis and granulomatous inflammation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Histiocytes have indented and bean‐shaped nuclei unlike the round to oval nuclei of GCT cells and have foamy rather than granular cytoplasm. An inflammatory background often accompanies histiocytic lesions . As mentioned above, immunohistochemical staining for CD68 may not be helpful as this marker may show immunoreactivity in both GCT and histiocytic lesions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, other mesenchymal lesions such as rhabdomyoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma, clear cell sarcoma, and epithelioid sarcoma may enter the differential diagnosis of GCTs. Metastatic renal cell carcinomas and melanomas may also be considered . Correlations with clinical setting, imaging studies, expanded immunohistochemical patterns, and careful morphologic review will all help in refining these diagnoses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mammary mesenchymal and fibroepithelial lesions: An illustrated cytomorphologic update with differential diagnoses

Khattab

Rowe

Booth

et al. 2019

Diagnostic Cytopathology

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The Uniform Approach to Breast Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy was put forward by a learned group of breast physicians in 1997. This landmark manuscript focused predominantly on diagnosis and reporting of mammary epithelial lesions. Today, most American practitioners turn initially to core biopsy rather than aspiration biopsy for the first line diagnosis of solid breast lesions; however, recent efforts from the International Academy of Cytology have produced a system called the Standardized Reporting of Breast Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy Cytology (colloquially labeled in 2017 as the “Yokohama System”), suggesting a new interest in breast fine needle aspiration (FNA), especially in resource limited settings or clinical practice settings with experienced breast cytopathologists. Fibroepithelial lesions of the breast comprise a heterogeneous group of biphasic tumors with epithelial and stromal elements. Mesenchymal lesions of the breast include a variety of neoplasms of fibroblastic, myofibroblastic, endothelial, neural, adipocytic, muscular, and osteo‐cartilaginous derivations. The cytology of mesenchymal breast lesions is infrequently described in the literature and is mainly limited to case reports and small series. This illustrated review highlights the cytologic features of fibroepithelial and mesenchymal mammary proliferations and discusses differential diagnoses and histomorphologic correlates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Mammary mesenchymal and fibroepithelial lesions: An illustrated cytomorphologic update with differential diagnoses

Khattab

Rowe

Booth

et al. 2019

Diagnostic Cytopathology

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Atypical cytological presentation of granular cell tumour: Tumour‐associated fibrosis may affect fine‐needle aspiration cytology accuracy

Vitagliano¹,

Montella

Cozzolino

et al. 2020

Cytopathology

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The cytological features of granular cell tumour (GCT) are generally quite typical but, in some cases, the fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) diagnosis of GCT may be difficult or impossible because of unusual sites of onset or equivocal cytological features. In this report, two GCTs with atypical FNAC features are described in order to investigate the causes and provide possible diagnostic tips. From a series of nine histologically proven GCTs, two inconclusive FNAC cases were retrieved. Smears were poorly cellular showing isolated naked nuclei, anisonucleosis, granular chromatin and occasional small nucleoli. The background was finely granular in one case. Histological controls of these cases revealed marked fibrosis. Tumour‐associated fibrosis in GCT is variable and does not seem to influence clinical behaviour but it influences the harvest and the integrity of granular cells collected by FNAC. When GCT smears are poorly cellular, attention should be paid to the granular background and to the few granular cells, if any, as they might be the only features to suggest a GCT.

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Granular cell tumor presenting as an axillary mass: A case report

Çıtgez

Yiğit

Yetkin

et al. 2020

Archives of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

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Granular cell tumor (GCT) is a tumor that can arise at virtually any body site. About 5 to 15% of the cases occur in the breast, and it is relatively rare in the axilla. %1-2 of granular cell tumors are malignant. The clinical symptoms and imaging examinations of breast GCTs are non-specific and can easily be confused with malignant tumors. Most are benign and reportedly malignant cases are rare. We report a 59-year-old male with granular cell tumor in axillary region existed approximately 2 years. The palpable mass was around 15mm in diameter and felt clinically suspicious of malignancy. Tru-cut biopsy of the mass showed granular cell tumor features and surgical excision was performed. Early diagnosis and complete resection of the tumor remains the best treatment method.

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Granular cell tumor in male breast masquerading as atypical apocrine neoplasm: A potential diagnostic pitfall in fine needle aspiration cytology

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Mammary mesenchymal and fibroepithelial lesions: An illustrated cytomorphologic update with differential diagnoses

Mammary mesenchymal and fibroepithelial lesions: An illustrated cytomorphologic update with differential diagnoses

Atypical cytological presentation of granular cell tumour: Tumour‐associated fibrosis may affect fine‐needle aspiration cytology accuracy

Granular cell tumor presenting as an axillary mass: A case report

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