Got milk? The secret life of laticifers

Hagel, Jillian M.; Yeung, Edward C.; Facchini, Peter J.

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2008.09.005

Cited by 280 publications

(228 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…PCA showed that IC and LC have many similar features (Fig. 3), which imply that these cell types play a similar role in plant defense (3). The physiological differences between IC and LC remain unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…These researchers have extensively studied how plant-specialized metabolites are produced at cellular and tissue levels (2). The reports indicate that biosynthetic pathways of plant specialized metabolites often involve multiple cell types that are biochemically and morphologically distinct (3,4 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, polyterpenes are highly accumulated in so-called LCs in rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis), and enzymes that are responsible for polyterpene biosynthesis have been identified (3). Likewise, a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid morphine is accumulated in LCs in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell-specific localization of alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus stem tissue measured with Imaging MS and Single-cell MS

Yamamoto

Takahashi

Mizuno

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

111

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Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don is a medicinal plant well known for producing antitumor drugs such as vinblastine and vincristine, which are classified as terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs). The TIA metabolic pathway in C. roseus has been extensively studied. However, the localization of TIA intermediates at the cellular level has not been demonstrated directly. In the present study, the metabolic pathway of TIA in C. roseus was studied with two forefront metabolomic techniques, that is, Imaging mass spectrometry (MS) and live Single-cell MS, to elucidate cell-specific TIA localization in the stem tissue. Imaging MS indicated that most TIAs localize in the idioblast and laticifer cells, which emit blue fluorescence under UV excitation. Single-cell MS was applied to four different kinds of cells [idioblast (specialized parenchyma cell), laticifer, parenchyma, and epidermal cells] in the stem longitudinal section. Principal component analysis of Imaging MS and Single-cell MS spectra of these cells showed that similar alkaloids accumulate in both idioblast cell and laticifer cell. From MS/MS analysis of Single-cell MS spectra, catharanthine, ajmalicine, and strictosidine were found in both cell types in C. roseus stem tissue, where serpentine was also accumulated. Based on these data, we discuss the significance of TIA synthesis and accumulation in the idioblast and laticifer cells of C. roseus stem tissue. A lkaloids constitute one of the largest groups of specialized metabolites, many of which have biological functions that are indispensable, not only for plants themselves but also for human health. Approximately 20% of plant species are known to contain alkaloids (1). The significant value of alkaloids as medicines or luxury items in human life has attracted widespread interest from researchers in a range of scientific fields. These researchers have extensively studied how plant-specialized metabolites are produced at cellular and tissue levels (2). The reports indicate that biosynthetic pathways of plant specialized metabolites often involve multiple cell types that are biochemically and morphologically distinct (3,4

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell-specific localization of alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus stem tissue measured with Imaging MS and Single-cell MS

Yamamoto

Takahashi

Mizuno

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

111

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“…Among the components various enzymes, terpenes, alkaloids, vitamins, carbohydrates, lipids, and free amino acids have been identified (Hagel, Yeung, Facchini, 2008;Lynn, Clevette-Radford, 1987). Many proteases from the latex of different species of Euphorbiaceae have been already reported (Lynn, Clevette-Radford, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteinase activity in latex of three plants of the family Euphorbiaceae

Sobottka

Tonial

Sytwala

et al. 2014

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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In the family of Euphorbiaceae, the genera Euphorbia and Sapium are known to contain essentially latex-bearing species. In the present study, the latex of Euphorbia selloi (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss., Euphorbia papillosa A.St.-Hil., and Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong, plants native from Brazil, were examined concerning proteolytic activity. All studied species have proteins with significant proteolytic activity and E. papillosa has the greatest specific activity. Aiming to verify the type of protease present, an assay with different inhibitors was performed. In the three tested plants, the proteolytic activity was significantly inhibited by a serine protease inhibitor 4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride (AEBSF). Using techniques of electrophoresis with polyacrylamide gels (SDS-PAGE), the subunits of proteins were separated according to their molecular masses, and the protein activity was visually detected by zymography.Uniterms: Euphorbiaceae/species/phytochemistry. Euphorbia papillosa/phytochemistry. Euphorbia selloi/ phytochemistry. Sapium glandulosum/phytochemistry. Euphorbia papillosa/proteinase activity. Euphorbia selloi/proteinase activity. Sapium glandulosum/proteinase activity. Endopeptidase. Gel electrophoresis.Dentro da família Euphorbiaceae, os gêneros Euphorbia e Sapium são conhecidos por incluírem basicamente espécies produtoras de látex. No presente estudo, o látex das plantas Euphorbia selloi (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss., Euphorbia papillosa A.St.-Hil. e Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong, espécies nativas do Brasil, foi analisado em relação à atividade proteolítica. Todas as amostras analisadas possuem proteínas com significativa atividade, sendo que o látex da espécie E. papillosa apresenta a maior atividade específica. Com o objetivo de analisar quais os tipos de proteases responsáveis pela atividade proteolítica, realizaram-se ensaios com diferentes inibidores. Nas três plantas testadas a atividade foi inibida significativamente pelo cloridrato de 4-(fluoreto de 2-aminoetilbenzenossulfonil) (AEBSF), um inibidor de serino-proteases. Utilizando técnicas de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida (SDS-PAGE), as subunidades das proteínas foram separadas de acordo com sua massa molecular e, através da zimografia, a atividade proteolítica pode ser detectada visualmente. Unitermos

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“…A laticifer is a unique cell that forms an elongated tubular and branched network that runs throughout a plant body and, due to this structure, large amounts of its cytoplasm is exudated when the plant body is cut (Hagel et al 2008). Laticifer cytoplasm, called latex, contains toxic compounds or proteins, which are thought to be involved in defense against herbivores and microbes (Hagel et al 2008;Konno 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

Laticifers in mulberry exclusively accumulate defense proteins related to biotic stresses

Kitajima

Yamamoto

Hirooka

et al. 2013

Plant Biotechnology

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A laticifer is an elongated tubular cell and its cytoplasmic content (latex) is thought to be involved in defense against herbivores and microbes. Previous studies investigated laticifer transcriptomes in the unlignified and lignified tissues of mulberry (Morus alba) but protein accumulation in laticifers in unlignified and lignified tissues is poorly understood, except the conclusion of a previous study that insecticidal chitinase-like proteins (LA-a and b) were abundant in the laticifers of unlignified tissues while antifungal class I chitinase (LA-c) was abundant in the laticifers of lignified tissues. In order to understand precisely the physiological roles of laticifers in these tissues, this study identified the major proteins in them using mass spectrometry and Edman sequencing after separation by ion-exchange chromatography and SDS-PAGE. In addition to LA-a, b and c, this study has shown that mulberry laticifers accumulate large amounts of biotic-stress-related defense proteins, e.g., pathogenesis-related protein-1, β-1,3-glucanase, class V chitinase, osmotin and lectins. The abundance of some proteins varied among the laticifers of unlignified and lignified tissues, which suggested that the laticifers may have adapted to different threats.

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Got milk? The secret life of laticifers

Cited by 280 publications

References 81 publications

Cell-specific localization of alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus stem tissue measured with Imaging MS and Single-cell MS

Cell-specific localization of alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus stem tissue measured with Imaging MS and Single-cell MS

Proteinase activity in latex of three plants of the family Euphorbiaceae

Laticifers in mulberry exclusively accumulate defense proteins related to biotic stresses

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