Gold Nanorods@Mesoporous SiO₂@Hyaluronic Acid Core–Shell Nanoparticles for Controlled Drug Delivery

Abstract

To improve the therapeutic efficacy of breast cancer (BC), an intelligent tri-responsive vehicle based on core–shell structured gold nanorods (GNR)@mesoporous SiO2 (MS)@hyaluronic acid (HA) is proposed for controlled delivery of methotrexate (MTX). The characterization of the resultant GNR@MS@HA is systematically investigated. GNR is used for photothermal conversion under near-infrared light (NIR) irradiation, and the produced hyperthermia can lead to the ablation of cancer cells. MTX can be encapsulated in the mesopores of MS with the aid of HA, which is grafted to the surface of aminated MS (MS-NH2) through amidation reaction. The proposed vehicle can be used for MTX release in the tri-response of pH, NIR, and hyaluronidase (HAase) and integrates photothermal therapy and chemotherapy so as to improve the inhibition rate of cancer cells. The results of cell viability experiments demonstrate that the developed tri-responsive vehicle displays excellent biocompatibility to L929 mouse fibroblasts while exhibiting high chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy efficiency against murine BC cells (4T1).

A biodegradable drug‐controlled delivery system based on mesoporous manganese dioxide and poly(dopamine)

“…The suspensions of PDA (3 mL, 1 mg mL −1 ) and mMnO 2 ‐MTX‐PDA (3 mL, 0.2, 0.4, 0.7, and 1 mg mL −1 ) placed in the quartz cuvettes were irradiated by the NIR light, respectively, and the temperatures of these suspensions were recorded at specific time intervals (2 min). The thermal conversion efficiency (η) of the mMnO 2 ‐MTX‐PDA was determined by the method previously reported 26,27 according to the following equations: (1) η = [ hS ( T max − T amb ) − Q dis ]/ I (1–10 −A808 ); (2) hS = ∑ mC p / τ s ; (3) τ s = − t /ln θ ; and (4) θ = ( T amb − T )/( T amb − T max ), where h is the thermal conversion constant, S is the container surface area, T max is the maximum temperature at equilibrium, T amb is the ambient temperature (28 °C), Q dis is the generated energy loss during NIR irradiation (~50.6 mW), I is the power density of the NIR light (~3.33 W cm −2 ), and A 808 is the absorbance of mMnO 2 ‐MTX‐PDA at the wavelength of 808 nm (~4.28), m is the mass of the suspension (~3 g), C p is the specific heat capacity of water (4.2 J g −1 °C −1 ), τ s is the time constant, t is the time during the cooling process, and θ is the driving temperature force.…”

“…The suspensions of PDA (3 mL, 1 mg mL À1 ) and mMnO 2 -MTX-PDA (3 mL, 0.2, 0.4, 0.7, and 1 mg mL À1 ) placed in the quartz cuvettes were irradiated by the NIR light, respectively, and the temperatures of these suspensions were recorded at specific time intervals (2 min). The thermal conversion efficiency (η) of the mMnO 2 -MTX-PDA was determined by the method previously reported 26,27 according to the following equations:…”

Ti3C2 MXene Nanosheet-Based Dual-Enzyme Cascade Reaction to Facilitate Dual-Stimulation-Mediated Breast Cancer Therapy

“…Since HA coated in the outer layer of HTGHD can target CD44 receptor on the surface of 4T1 cells, HTGHD is endowed with the ability to target and recognize 4T1 cells. 46 In order to prove that HTGHD can successfully target and enter 4T1 cells, we selected 4T1 and L02 cells to study the cell targeting ability of HTGHD. After incubation with 4T1 and To further explore the cytotoxicity and biosafety of HTGHD, standard cell proliferation/toxicity assay (CCK-8) studies were performed using 4T1 cells.…”

“…The use of HA as a coating greatly reduces drug loss before reaching the tumor site, resulting in effective drug accumulation at the tumor site and subsequent degradation by extracellular matrix hyaluronidase (HAase), realizing the precise targeting drug delivery. 46 Considering the limitations of current cancer treatments, we designed a dual-response drug delivery system, HTGHD with cyclic cascades. As depicted in Scheme 1, HTGHD is composed of two cascade enzymes (GOX and HRP) covalently immobilized on Ti 3 C 2 MXene by electrostatic adsorption of positive charged DOX and HA.…”

Recent advances in nano/micro systems for improved circulation stability, enhanced tumor targeting, penetration, and intracellular drug delivery: a review

“…Many of them are in preclinical studies to further investigate their capability of improving therapeutic outcomes of cancer therapy. The modifiable features of NP based platforms, including surface properties [70,71], physicochemical characteristics [72,73], controllable drug release [74,75], aid these newly developed nanomaterials to overcome systemic, microenvironmental, and cellular barriers [76][77][78]. This review focused on recent advances in nanomedicines that aimed to overcome obstacles derived from numerous biological barriers and further improve therapeutic responses.…”