Gold nanoparticles administration induced prominent inflammatory, central vein intima disruption, fatty change and Kupffer cells hyperplasia

Abstract

BackgroundAdvances in nanotechnology have identified promising candidates for many biological, biomedical and biomedicine applications. They are being increasingly exploited for medical uses and other industrial applications. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of administration of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) on inflammatory cells infiltration, central vein intima disruption, fatty change, and Kupffer cells hyperplasia in the hepatic tissue in an attempt to cover and understand the toxicity and the potential threat of their therapeutic and diagnostic use.MethodsA total of 70 healthy male Wistar-Kyoto rats were exposed to GNPs received 50 or 100 μl of GNPs infusion of 10, 20 and 50 nm GNPs for 3 or 7 days. Animals were randomly divided into groups, 12 GNPs-treated rats groups and one control group (NG). Groups 1, 2 and 3 received infusion of 50 μl GNPs of size 10 nm (3 or 7 days), size 20 nm (3 or 7 days) and 50 nm (3 or 7 days), respectively; while groups 4, 5 and 6 received infusion of 100 μl GNPs of size 10 nm, size 20 nm and 50 nm, respectively.ResultsIn comparison with respective control rats, exposure to GNPs doses has produced alterations in the hepatocytes, portal triads and sinusoids. The alterations in the hepatocytes were mainly vacuolar to hydropic degeneration, cytopasmic hyaline vacuolation, polymorphism, binucleation, karyopyknosis, karyolysis, karyorrhexis and necrosis. In addition, inflammatory cell infiltration, Kupffer cells hyperplasia, central veins intima disruption, hepatic strands dilatation and occasional fatty change together with a loss of normal architechiture of hepatic strands were also seen.ConclusionsThe alterations induced by the administration of GNPs were size-dependent with smaller ones induced more affects and related with time exposure of GNPs. These alterations might be an indication of injured hepatocytes due to GNPs toxicity that became unable to deal with the accumulated residues resulting from metabolic and structural disturbances caused by these NPs. These histological alterations may suggest that GNPs interact with proteins and enzymes of the hepatic tissue interfering with the antioxidant defense mechanism and leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation which in turn may induce stress in the hepatocytes to undergo necrosis.

Kupffer cell-mediated hepatic injury induced by silica nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo

“…The results showed that the number of sinusoidal KCs increased after administration of SiO 2 NPs ( Figure 5E and F), which indicated that SiO 2 NPs activated the phagocytic activity of sinusoidal cells by increasing the number of KCs to help remove accumulating nanoparticles. 38 The observed hyperplasia and activation of KCs could also lead to the increased formation of bioactive mediators contributing to hepatic injury, such as ROS, TNF-α, and NO, which we demonstrated in the in vitro study. Additionally, we observed infiltration of inflammatory cells into the liver and increases in the serum levels of WBC, LYM, MONO, NEU, and TNF-α, which suggests that SiO 2 NPs may induce inflammation.…”

Nanoparticle Technology as a Double-Edged Sword: Cytotoxic, Genotoxic and Epigenetic Effects on Living Cells

“…Bone-marrow cells Genotoxicity, induction of oxidative stress, cytotoxicity [89] Hepatocytes Atrophy and necrosis [90] Myocardium cells Cytotoxicity [91] Renal cells Cytotoxicity [92] Lung fibroblast Genotoxicity, autophagy [12,93] Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) [49,110] components leading to cytotoxicity or genotoxicity depends on its size. Large particles can induce permanent damage to cell membrane via binding with cellular membrane proteins, whilst small particles can pass through membrane and harm organelles [34] and then, bigger ones can occur in the cytoplasm (mainly in vacuoles) and smaller ones in mitochondria.…”

Protective role of propolis against histological alterations in renal tissue induced by gold nanoparticles

“…GNPs demonstrated oxidative stress and macromolecules interaction that could result in histocytotoxicity [9][10][11] . Some research works showed that GNPs with a size of of 5-20 nm were more toxic and had long time accumulation than the larger ones in the vital organs including the kidney [12][13][14] . The kidneys receive high blood flow and have high exposure to small GNPs with long circulating residue than the larger ones 9,15,16 .…”