GNSS Code and Carrier Tracking in the Presence of Multipath

GPS receiver architectures and measurements

“…As was the case for the noise equations, the multipath theory assumes infinite GPS signal bandwidth. Finite bandwidth effects can be handled through simulation and the results are similar to those of the infinite bandwidth case [21], [34]. The finite bandwidth effects are most apparent at medium and long delays with errors increasing by 20% to 40% over the infinite bandwidth case.…”

Efficient Satellite Selection Method for Instantaneous RTK-GNSS in Challenging Environments

“…22) These short delay multipath negatively influence the quality of the phase measurement and it is difficult to reduce the multipath errors by using conventional techniques, even when survey-grade receivers are used. 11,[22][23][24] The negatively influenced phase measurements made it difficult to obtain correct integer ambiguities and fixed solutions. Point 4 was assumed to have many multipath contaminated signals, similarly to Point 3.…”

A Semantic-Associated Factor Graph Model for LiDAR-Assisted Indoor Multipath Localization

“…In multipath scenarios, the received signal typically comprises a mixture of reflected echoes and scattered echoes. Influenced by factors such as path delay, signal strength, and receiver loop design, the ranging error introduced in the receiver can range from several meters to several tens of meters [ 19 ]. The Code-Minus-Carrier (CMC) observable is commonly used to study multipath characteristics and mitigate code multipath errors.…”