“…Surface reactions on Si(100)2×1 have been reported for many organic molecules with single or multiple functional groups, including unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons (ethylene, − acetylene ,− ), aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene − ), halogenated hydrocarbons, − amines , − amino acids, , carbonyl compounds (aldehyde, , ketone , ), alcohols, − and aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids (formic acid, − vinyl acetic acid, benzoic acid, , and 4-aminobenzoic acid). Among the wide range of organic functional groups, the carboxyl group is one of the key constituents of amino acids, the building blocks of peptides and proteins.…”