Glutamine, a regulator of acute phase protein synthesis

Meisse, Delphine; Claeyssens, Sophie; Husson, Annie; Lavoinne, Alain

doi:10.1016/s0261-5614(99)80061-2

“…These changes may be affected by a higher intake of HLB in HLB group. Glutamine is a building block of peptides and proteins [ 52 ], and glutamine promotes protein synthesis in mammals [ 53 ] and inhibits protein breakdown [ 54 ]. Leucine is mainly used as a protein synthesizer [ 55 ] and widely applied for the estimation of whole-body protein synthesis in heifers [ 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabonomic Responses of Grazing Yak to Different Concentrate Supplementations in Cold Season

Zhou

¹

,

Yue

²

,

Peng

³

et al. 2020

Animals

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Supplementation plays an important role in reversing the weight loss of grazing yaks during cold season. However, little is known about the effect of supplementation on the serum metabolites of grazing yaks. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of supplementary feeding on average daily gain (ADG) and serum metabolites with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics method in growing yaks during cold season on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. Twenty 1.5-year-old female yaks (91.38 ± 10.43 kg LW) were evenly divided into three treatment groups and a control group (CON) (n = 5 per group). All the yaks were released to graze during daytime, whereas the yaks in the treatment groups were supplemented with highland barley (HLB), rapeseed meal (RSM), and highland barley plus rapeseed meal (HLB + RSM) at night. The whole experiment lasted for 120 days. Results indicated that the ADG of growing yak heifers was increased by concentrate supplementations, and ADG under HLB and HLB + RSM group was 37.5% higher (p < 0.05) than that with RSM supplementation. Supplementary feeding increased the plasma concentrations of total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of those in the CON group, and concentrations of BUN were higher in the RSM group than in the HLB and HLB + RSM group. Compared with the CON group, serum levels of glutamine, glycine, β-glucose were lower and that of choline was higher in the HLB group; serum levels of lactate were lower and that of choline, glutamate were higher in the HLB + RSM group. Compared with the HLB + RSM group, serum levels of glycerophosphoryl choline (GPC) and lactate were higher, and those of choline, glutamine, glutamate, leucine, N-acetyaspartate, α-glucose, and β-glucose were lower in the HLB group; serum levels of citrate, GPC and lactate were higher, and those of 3-Hydroxybutyrate, betaine, choline, glutamate, glutamine, N-acetylglycoprotein, N-acetyaspartate, α-glucose, and β-glucose were lower in the RSM group. It could be concluded that concentrate supplementations significantly improved the growth performance of growing yaks and supplementation with HBL or HLB plus RSM was better than RSM during the cold season. Supplementation with HBL or HLB plus RSM affected the serum metabolites of grazing yaks, and both treatments promoted lipid synthesis. Supplementation of yaks with HBL plus RSM could improve energy-supply efficiency, protein and lipid deposition compared with HLB and RSM.

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“…Hepatic glutaminase activity is increased during starvation, diabetes and consumption of a high-protein diet [42]. Although glutamine is an important regulator of the hepatic synthesis of acutephase proteins [47], the relationship between liver glutamine concentration and liver protein synthesis is not known, and may not be the same as that in muscle. The hepatic extraction of glutamine is increased in sepsis, possibly due to an effect of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor α and interleukin-6 [43,45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential changes in in vivo muscle and liver protein synthesis and plasma and tissue glutamine levels in sepsis in the rat

O’Leary

¹

,

Ferguson

²

,

Rennie

³

et al. 2001

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We have investigated sequential changes in skeletal muscle and hepatic protein synthesis following sepsis, and their relationship to changes in circulating and tissue glutamine concentrations. Male Wistar rats underwent caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham operation, with starvation, and were killed 24, 72 or 96 h later. A group of non-operated animals were killed at the time of surgery. Protein synthesis was determined using a flooding dose of L-[4-(3)H] phenylalanine, and glutamine concentrations were measured by an enzymic fluorimetric assay. Protein synthesis in gastrocnemius muscle fell in all groups. Gastrocnemius total protein content was reduced after CLP and at 72 and 96 h after sham operation. After CLP, protein synthesis was lower at 24 h, and total protein content was lower at 72 and 96 h, than in sham-operated animals. CLP was associated with increased liver protein synthesis at all time points, whereas there was no change after sham operation. Liver protein content did not change after CLP, but was lower at 72 and 96 h after sham operation than in non-operated animals. Plasma glutamine concentrations were reduced at 24 h after sham operation, and at 72 and 96 h after CLP. Muscle glutamine concentrations were reduced in all groups, with the decrease being greater following CLP than after sham operation. In the liver, glutamine concentrations were unchanged after CLP, but increased after sham operation. In rats with sepsis, decreases in muscle protein synthesis and content are associated with markedly reduced muscle glutamine concentrations. Plasma glutamine concentrations are initially maintained, but fall later. In liver, protein synthesis is increased, while glutamine concentrations are preserved. These results support a peripheral-to-splanchnic glutamine flux in sepsis.

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“…Glutathione is an important antioxidant produced from glutamine that may have a vital role in protective responses to sepsis and shock [46]. Although glutamine is an important regulator of the hepatic synthesis of acutephase proteins [47], the relationship between liver glutamine concentration and liver protein synthesis is not known, and may not be the same as that in muscle. We have shown that, despite the increase in glutamine levels, liver protein synthesis rates were unchanged in shamoperated animals, whereas the significantly increased liver protein synthesis after CLP occurred in the presence of unchanged glutamine levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential changes in in vivo muscle and liver protein synthesis and plasma and tissue glutamine levels in sepsis in the rat

O’Leary

¹

,

Ferguson

²

,

Rennie

³

et al. 2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We have investigated sequential changes in skeletal muscle and hepatic protein synthesis following sepsis, and their relationship to changes in circulating and tissue glutamine concentrations. Male Wistar rats underwent caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham operation, with starvation, and were killed 24, 72 or 96 h later. A group of non-operated animals were killed at the time of surgery. Protein synthesis was determined using a flooding dose of L-[4-(3)H] phenylalanine, and glutamine concentrations were measured by an enzymic fluorimetric assay. Protein synthesis in gastrocnemius muscle fell in all groups. Gastrocnemius total protein content was reduced after CLP and at 72 and 96 h after sham operation. After CLP, protein synthesis was lower at 24 h, and total protein content was lower at 72 and 96 h, than in sham-operated animals. CLP was associated with increased liver protein synthesis at all time points, whereas there was no change after sham operation. Liver protein content did not change after CLP, but was lower at 72 and 96 h after sham operation than in non-operated animals. Plasma glutamine concentrations were reduced at 24 h after sham operation, and at 72 and 96 h after CLP. Muscle glutamine concentrations were reduced in all groups, with the decrease being greater following CLP than after sham operation. In the liver, glutamine concentrations were unchanged after CLP, but increased after sham operation. In rats with sepsis, decreases in muscle protein synthesis and content are associated with markedly reduced muscle glutamine concentrations. Plasma glutamine concentrations are initially maintained, but fall later. In liver, protein synthesis is increased, while glutamine concentrations are preserved. These results support a peripheral-to-splanchnic glutamine flux in sepsis.

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Glutamine, a regulator of acute phase protein synthesis

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Metabonomic Responses of Grazing Yak to Different Concentrate Supplementations in Cold Season

Metabonomic Responses of Grazing Yak to Different Concentrate Supplementations in Cold Season

Sequential changes in in vivo muscle and liver protein synthesis and plasma and tissue glutamine levels in sepsis in the rat

Sequential changes in in vivo muscle and liver protein synthesis and plasma and tissue glutamine levels in sepsis in the rat

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