Glutamatergic and cholinergic pedunculopontine neurons innervate the thalamic parafascicular nucleus in rats: changes following experimental parkinsonism

Barroso‐Chinea, Pedro; Rico, Alberto J.; Conte-Perales, Lorena; Gómez-Bautista, Virginia; Luquin, Natasha; Sierra, Salvador; Roda, Elvira; Lanciego, José L.

doi:10.1007/s00429-011-0317-x

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 65 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although our data show no Egr-1 expression in cholinergic neurons, suggesting that they may not be affected in this animal model, we cannot rule out the existence of false negatives. The difference in the expression between the ascending and descending pathways may reflect a selective excitatory drive of STN-projecting neurons and a potential increased inhibition of GiN-projecting neurons (not detectable by the basal level of IEGs expression), in agreement with the data from other groups proposing an increased excitation (Breit et al 2001; Orieux et al 2000; Barroso-Chinea et al 2011) or an increased inhibition (Nandi et al 2002) in the Parkinsonian PPN. In this way, an imbalanced output between the two motor pathways may underlie the gait disturbances associated with PD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Divergent motor projections from the pedunculopontine nucleus are differentially regulated in Parkinsonism

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is composed of neurons with different connectivity patterns that express different neurochemical markers, display distinct firing characteristics and are topographically organized in functional domains across its rostro-caudal axis. Previous reports have shown that the caudal region of the PPN is interconnected with motor regions of both the basal ganglia and brainstem/medulla. The co-distribution of ascending and descending motor outputs raises the question as to whether the PPN provides a coordinated or differential modulation of its targets in the basal ganglia and the medulla. To address this, we retrogradely labeled neurons in the two main PPN pathways involved in motor control and determined whether they project to one or both structures, their neurochemical phenotype, and their activity in normal and dopamine depleted rats, as indicated by Egr-1 expression. We show that ascending and descending motor pathways from the PPN arise largely from separate neurons that intermingle in the same region of the PPN, but have a distinct neurochemical composition and are differentially regulated in the Parkinsonian state. Thus, neurons projecting to the subthalamic nucleus consist of cholinergic, calbindin- and calretinin-expressing neurons, and Egr-1 is upregulated following a 6-hydroxydopamine lesion. In contrast, a larger proportion of neurons projecting to the gigantocellular nucleus are cholinergic, none express calbindin and the expression of Egr-1 is not changed by the dopamine lesion. Our results suggest that ascending and descending motor connections of the PPN are largely mediated by different sets of neurons and there are cell type-specific changes in Parkinsonian rats.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Divergent motor projections from the pedunculopontine nucleus are differentially regulated in Parkinsonism

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The CM/Pf complex also receives significant afferents from various subcortical sources, including the superior colliculus (Grunwerg et al, 1992; Redgrave et al, 2010), the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (Pare et al, 1988; Parent et al, 1988; Barroso-Chinea et al, 2011), the cerebellum (Royce et al, 1991; Ichinohe et al, 2000), the raphe nuclei, the locus coeruleus (Lavoie and Parent, 1991; Royce et al, 1991; Vertes et al, 2010), and from the mesencephalic, pontine and medullary reticular formation (Comans and Snow, 1981; Steriade and Glenn, 1982; Hallanger et al, 1987; Cornwall and Phillipson, 1988; Vertes and Martin, 1988; Royce et al, 1991; Newman and Ginsberg, 1994). …”

Section: Afferent Connections Of Center Median/parafascicular (Cm/pf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The thalamostriatal system in normal and diseased states

Smith

Galván

Ellender

et al. 2014

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

202

211

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Because of our limited knowledge of the functional role of the thalamostriatal system, this massive network is often ignored in models of the pathophysiology of brain disorders of basal ganglia origin, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, over the past decade, significant advances have led to a deeper understanding of the anatomical, electrophysiological, behavioral and pathological aspects of the thalamostriatal system. The cloning of the vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2 (vGluT1 and vGluT2) has provided powerful tools to differentiate thalamostriatal from corticostriatal glutamatergic terminals, allowing us to carry out comparative studies of the synaptology and plasticity of these two systems in normal and pathological conditions. Findings from these studies have led to the recognition of two thalamostriatal systems, based on their differential origin from the caudal intralaminar nuclear group, the center median/parafascicular (CM/Pf) complex, or other thalamic nuclei. The recent use of optogenetic methods supports this model of the organization of the thalamostriatal systems, showing differences in functionality and glutamate receptor localization at thalamostriatal synapses from Pf and other thalamic nuclei. At the functional level, evidence largely gathered from thalamic recordings in awake monkeys strongly suggests that the thalamostriatal system from the CM/Pf is involved in regulating alertness and switching behaviors. Importantly, there is evidence that the caudal intralaminar nuclei and their axonal projections to the striatum partly degenerate in PD and that CM/Pf deep brain stimulation (DBS) may be therapeutically useful in several movement disorders.

show abstract

“…Electrical stimulation of the PPTg induces a burst firing of dopaminergic neurons (Lokwan et al, 1999; Floresco et al, 2003), and induces the release of dopamine in the striatum (Chapman et al, 1997; Forster and Blaha, 2003; Miller and Blaha, 2004). The PPTg also controls activity of the striatum through its bilateral projection to the caudal intralaminar nuclei (Erro et al, 1999; Barroso-Chinea et al, 2011). …”

Section: Pptg As a Part Of Basal Gangliamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus as a Motor and Cognitive Interface between the Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia

Mori¹,

Okada

Nomura

et al. 2016

Front. Neuroanat.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As an important component of ascending activating systems, brainstem cholinergic neurons in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) are involved in the regulation of motor control (locomotion, posture and gaze) and cognitive processes (attention, learning and memory). The PPTg is highly interconnected with several regions of the basal ganglia, and one of its key functions is to regulate and relay activity from the basal ganglia. Together, they have been implicated in the motor control system (such as voluntary movement initiation or inhibition), and modulate aspects of executive function (such as motivation). In addition to its intimate connection with the basal ganglia, projections from the PPTg to the cerebellum have been recently reported to synaptically activate the deep cerebellar nuclei. Classically, the cerebellum and basal ganglia were regarded as forming separated anatomical loops that play a distinct functional role in motor and cognitive behavioral control. Here, we suggest that the PPTg may also act as an interface device between the basal ganglia and cerebellum. As such, part of the therapeutic effect of PPTg deep brain stimulation (DBS) to relieve gait freezing and postural instability in advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients might also involve modulation of the cerebellum. We review the anatomical position and role of the PPTg in the pathway of basal ganglia and cerebellum in relation to motor control, cognitive function and PD.

show abstract

Glutamatergic and cholinergic pedunculopontine neurons innervate the thalamic parafascicular nucleus in rats: changes following experimental parkinsonism

Cited by 21 publications

References 65 publications

Divergent motor projections from the pedunculopontine nucleus are differentially regulated in Parkinsonism

Divergent motor projections from the pedunculopontine nucleus are differentially regulated in Parkinsonism

The thalamostriatal system in normal and diseased states

The Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus as a Motor and Cognitive Interface between the Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About