Glucose tolerance, blood lipid, insulin and glucagon concentration after single or continuous administration of aspartame in diabetics

Okuno, Giichi; Kawakami, Fusao; Tako, Hajime; Kashihara, Takeshi; Shibamoto, Shigeki; Yamazaki, Tatsue; Yamamoto, Kohei; Saeki, Mieko

doi:10.1016/s0168-8227(86)80025-0

Cited by 35 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Okuno et al (8) have reported similar results in diabetic subjects given 500-mg doses of aspartame. These investigators also fed a group of diabetic subjects 125 mg aspartame daily, the sweetness equivalent of daily sugar intake from the Japanese diet for 2 wk.…”

Section: Methanolmentioning

confidence: 68%

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Aspartame Metabolism in Normal Adults, Phenylketonuric Heterozygotes, and Diabetic Subjects

Filer

Stegink

1989

Diabetes Care

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This study reviews clinical studies testing the effects of various doses of aspartame on blood levels of phenylalanine, aspartate, and methanol in normal subjects and known phenylketonuric heterozygotes. The effect of aspartame on the phenylalanine-to-large neutral amino acid ratio under various feeding situations is shown. The clinical studies of aspartame in diabetic subjects are limited to observations of its effects on blood levels of glucose, lipids, insulin, and glucagon. These studies clearly demonstrate the safety of this high-intensity sweetener for use by humans. Diabetes Care 12:67-74, 1989 I n the United States the prevalence of diabetes, both insulin dependent (IDDM) and non-insulin dependent (NIDDM), involves 2.7% of women and 2.0% of men (1). In 1976, it was projected that the incidence of diabetes was increasing at a rate of 6%/yr (2). The association of NIDDM with the degree and duration of obesity suggests one reason why high-intensity sweeteners, nutritive and nonnutritive, may be a component of foods eaten by diabetic individuals. The natural interest of humans in the sweet taste modality provides another rationale for incorporation of high-intensity sweeteners into the diet of diabetic individuals. Currently, the most widely consumed high-intensity sweetener is aspartame, a dipeptide methyl ester (L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester).On the basis of total pounds of aspartame sold to food and beverage processors, it has been estimated that as- Daily intake can be calculated and amounts to 104 mg/day or 1.5 mg/kg body wt for a 70-kg individual. Aspartame is rarely consumed alone but is usually ingested in conjunction with varying proportions of carbohydrate, protein, and fat. Unless a person drinks an aspartame-sweetened beverage, carbonated or still, as a refreshment, the intake usually involves other foods. Aspartame-containing carbonated soft drinks provide 150-200 mg of aspartame per serving (12 oz or 360 ml). Noncarbonated beverages usually contain 140 mg per serving (8 oz or 240 ml). For the average 70-kg adult or 20-kg 4-yr-old, aspartame intake under these amounts would approximate 3-10 mg/kg body wt. The Market Research Corporation of America (MRCA) has projected the 99th percentile of daily intake of aspartame at 34 mg/kg body wt (3). Accordingly, the clinical studies highlighted in this review bracket aspartame intakes that range from 4 to 200 mg/kg body wt. These studies largely represent single-bolus doses of aspartame given to normal adult subjects, known adult phenylketonuric (PKU) heterozygotes, or normal 1-yr-olds. Aspartame was administered in orange juice, in a noncarbonated beverage, as part of a hamburger and milk shake meal, or in a beverage ingested at repeated intervals. Aspartame doses >50 mg/kg body wt were considered to represent abuse doses; i.e., 100-200 mg/kg body wt. Based on the relative sweetness of aspartame to sucrose, abuse intakes of this magnitude represent an acute intake of sweetness equivalent to 3-6 Ib of sucrose. Participants in the latter clinica...

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Section: Methanolmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Of the few clinical studies involving diabetic subjects, observations have been limited to determination of the effects of aspartame loading on blood glucose, lipids, serum insulin, plasma glucagon, and glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations (4)(5)(6)(7)(8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspartame Metabolism in Normal Adults, Phenylketonuric Heterozygotes, and Diabetic Subjects

Filer

Stegink

1989

Diabetes Care

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“…In the case of a possible association between diabetes (and other chronic diseases associated with cardiovascular risk factors) and the use of LNCS, there is a similar pattern in findings to those observed for investigations into weight loss, when only the observational studies are considered [ 110 ]. But when the best quality controlled clinical trials are evaluated [ 106 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 ], an overwhelming majority of them demonstrate a neutral effect of LNCS on relevant outcomes such as HbA1C, insulin and fasting or postprandial glucose. When LNCS are indicated within a nutritional plan structured in such a way as to replace sucrose, even discrete benefits can be seen at the levels of these parameters.…”

Section: Lncs Role In Body Weight Management and In Chronic Diseasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ibero–American Consensus on Low- and No-Calorie Sweeteners: Safety, Nutritional Aspects and Benefits in Food and Beverages

et al. 2018

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International scientific experts in food, nutrition, dietetics, endocrinology, physical activity, paediatrics, nursing, toxicology and public health met in Lisbon on 2–4 July 2017 to develop a Consensus on the use of low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS) as substitutes for sugars and other caloric sweeteners. LNCS are food additives that are broadly used as sugar substitutes to sweeten foods and beverages with the addition of fewer or no calories. They are also used in medicines, health-care products, such as toothpaste, and food supplements. The goal of this Consensus was to provide a useful, evidence-based, point of reference to assist in efforts to reduce free sugars consumption in line with current international public health recommendations. Participating experts in the Lisbon Consensus analysed and evaluated the evidence in relation to the role of LNCS in food safety, their regulation and the nutritional and dietary aspects of their use in foods and beverages. The conclusions of this Consensus were: (1) LNCS are some of the most extensively evaluated dietary constituents, and their safety has been reviewed and confirmed by regulatory bodies globally including the World Health Organisation, the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Food Safety Authority; (2) Consumer education, which is based on the most robust scientific evidence and regulatory processes, on the use of products containing LNCS should be strengthened in a comprehensive and objective way; (3) The use of LNCS in weight reduction programmes that involve replacing caloric sweeteners with LNCS in the context of structured diet plans may favour sustainable weight reduction. Furthermore, their use in diabetes management programmes may contribute to a better glycaemic control in patients, albeit with modest results. LNCS also provide dental health benefits when used in place of free sugars; (4) It is proposed that foods and beverages with LNCS could be included in dietary guidelines as alternative options to products sweetened with free sugars; (5) Continued education of health professionals is required, since they are a key source of information on issues related to food and health for both the general population and patients. With this in mind, the publication of position statements and consensus documents in the academic literature are extremely desirable.

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“…Some clinical trials have reported lower glucose and insulin concentrations after the consumption of diverse NNS; however, in most cases these results are comparing NNS to caloric sweeteners (glucose or sucrose), which are expected to have an impact on glucose and insulin concentrations [42][43][44] . There are three studies comparing water or placebo to NNS consumption that found lower glucose levels 43,45,46 .…”

Section: Scientific Evidence: Observational and Clinical Trials In Humentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Nutritive Sweeteners: Evidence on their Association with Metabolic Diseases and Potential Effects on Glucose Metabolism and Appetite

Romo-Romo

Aguilar-Salinas

Gómez-Díaz

et al. 2017

RIC

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There is ongoing debate concerning non-nutritive sweeteners, their usage, and their effects on metabolism. The association between non-nutritive sweeteners consumption, development of metabolic diseases, and changes in appetite-regulating hormones is not clear. The aim of this article is to present an overview of non-nutritive sweeteners and to examine the scientific evidence of their effects on glucose metabolism and appetite-regulating hormones. Some observational studies suggest an association between non-nutritive sweeteners consumption and development of metabolic diseases; however, adiposity is a confounder frequently found in these studies. Results of the available clinical trials are heterogeneous and not comparable because of major differences between them. Future controlled studies evaluating specific non-nutritive sweeteners, with an appropriate sample size, including a uniform study group, with sufficient exposure time, and considering adjustment for confounder variables, such as anthropometric characteristics, previous consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners, and coexistence of significant metabolic comorbidities, are needed. (REV INVES CLIN. 2017;69:129-38)

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Glucose tolerance, blood lipid, insulin and glucagon concentration after single or continuous administration of aspartame in diabetics

Cited by 35 publications

References 3 publications

Aspartame Metabolism in Normal Adults, Phenylketonuric Heterozygotes, and Diabetic Subjects

Aspartame Metabolism in Normal Adults, Phenylketonuric Heterozygotes, and Diabetic Subjects

Ibero–American Consensus on Low- and No-Calorie Sweeteners: Safety, Nutritional Aspects and Benefits in Food and Beverages

Non-Nutritive Sweeteners: Evidence on their Association with Metabolic Diseases and Potential Effects on Glucose Metabolism and Appetite

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