Glucose carbon recycling and oxidation in human newborns

Denne, Scott C.; Kalhan, Satish C.

doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1986.251.1.e71

Cited by 40 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The proposed lower limit assumes that glucose is the only source of energy for the brain. This probably is not true (Denne & Kalhan, 1986;Settergren et al, 1976).…”

Section: Lower Limitmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Carbohydrate as nutrient in the infant and child: range of acceptable intake

Kalhan

Kılıç

1999

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Carbohydrates are the major source of energy for humans. Following their digestion, almost all ingested carbohydrates are converted to glucose. Glucose is the primary oxidative fuel for the brain. Although few studies have been done in infants and children to de®ne the upper and lower limits of carbohydrate intake, such information may be derived from the published data on glucose metabolism in vivo. The upper and lower limits are determined by the need to provide for total energy expenditure, need for other essential nutrients such as protein and fats, requirements of the glucose dependent tissues such as the brain, and the need to minimize the protein cost of gluconeogenesis and thus irreversible loss of nitrogen. With these considerations, the upper and lower boundaries of carbohydrate intake in relation to age are described.

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“…The proposed lower limit assumes that glucose is the only source of energy for the brain. This probably is not true (Denne & Kalhan, 1986;Settergren et al, 1976).…”

Section: Lower Limitmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Quantitative estimates of oxidation of endogenously released glucose, at least in the fasting human newborn, could not provide all the energy for the oxidative metabolism of the brain (Denne & Kalhan, 1986). Thus the brain may have other, although quantitatively small, obligatory energy sources.…”

Section: Lower Limitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate as nutrient in the infant and child: range of acceptable intake

Kalhan

Kılıç

1999

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…Breath 13 CO 2 enrichments were analyzed by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (Metabolic Solutions, Acton, MA, U.S.A.). The 13 C enrichment of blood bicarbonate was measured after separation of the CO 2 by cryogenic distillation under vacuum (24). In addition to GCMS glucose concentration determinations, periodic plasma glucose measurements during the study were determined by the glucose oxidase method using a glucose analyzer on 25 L of sample (Yellow Springs Instrument Co., Yellow Springs, OH, U.S.A.).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Low versus High Intravenous Amino Acid Intake on Very Low Birth Weight Infants in the Early Neonatal Period

Thureen

2003

Pediatric Research

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Greater protein intakes are required than have been commonly used to achieve fetal in utero protein accretion rates in preterm neonates. To study the efficacy and safety of more aggressive amino acid intake, we performed a prospective randomized study in 28 infants [mean wt, 946 Ϯ 40 g (SEM)] of 1 (low amino acid intake, LAA) versus 3 g·kg Ϫ1 ·d Ϫ1 (high amino acid intake, HAA) at 52.0 Ϯ 3.0 h of life. After a minimum of 12 h of parenteral nutrition, efficacy was determined by protein balance and was significantly lower in the LAA versus HAA groups by both nitrogen balance (Ϫ0. Abbreviations PN, parenteral nutrition LAA, low amino acid intake HAA, high amino acid intake Int leuc , leucine intake rate Q leuc , leucine flux rate Ox leuc , leucine oxidation rate NOD leuc , nonoxidative leucine disposal intake rate RP leuc , rate of leucine appearance from protein breakdown ELBW, extremely low birth weight BUN, blood urea nitrogen GCMS, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopyThe current standard for postnatal nutrition in all preterm infants is one that duplicates normal in utero fetal growth rates (1). Owing to advances in perinatal care, more very preterm infants are surviving. These infants have unique nutritional metabolic requirements for growth, predicted by low energy stores, high protein flux rate, and a high metabolic rate as a result of a relatively larger mass of metabolically active organs. Nevertheless, it is common practice in many neonatal intensive care units to limit nutrient administration, particularly amino acids, to ELBW or sick neonates in the early neonatal period because of concerns of substrate intolerance. Several studies suggest that this delay in nutrition results in postnatal malnutrition that produces measurable growth failure at hospital discharge (2-4).Although strategies to improve growth necessitate delivery of larger amounts of both energy and protein beginning shortly after birth, there are reasons to suggest that focusing on protein delivery may be particularly important. Throughout life, maximal weight-specific protein gain occurs before 32 wk gestation (5). Data from studies in fetal animal models suggest that amino acid metabolic rates may be a much more sensitive indicator than growth rate of adequate nutrition before term (6). Additionally, recent data suggest that long-term developmental outcome in the preterm may be correlated with early protein intake (7

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“…(Srinivasan et al, 1986) Ketone bodies and lactate serve as alternative fuels with glucose-sparing effects, and are important in maintaining cerebral energy supply. Oxidative metabolism of glucose in fasting human newborns can only supply 70% of the estimated energy needs of the brain (Denne & Kalhan, 1986). Alternative energy substrates such as ketone bodies and lactate are required during fasting for energy production in brain.…”

Section: Wwwintechopencommentioning

confidence: 99%