Globalized service providers’ perspective for facility management outsourcing relationships

Lok, Ka Leung; So, Albert; Opoku, Alex; Song, Haiyu

doi:10.1108/md-01-2019-0102

Cited by 7 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Finally, in the eighth paper, Lok et al . (2020) analyze the contingency outsourcing relationship model through the rankings of association between a client and a globalized facility management (FM) service provider with the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs).…”

Section: Summary Of Papers Chosen For This Special Issuementioning

confidence: 97%

The survival of the fittest in the global markets: multinational corporation challenge, evolution and decline

Park

Lee

2021

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PurposeThe purpose of this perspective paper is to answer the question of why some multinational corporations (MNCs) do not evolve and fail to avoid retrogression by natural selection in international business (IB) and to introduce eight papers selected for this special issue.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conceptually discuss the reasons for MNC failure by illustrating key motivations behind foreign direct investment (FDI) undertaken by MNCs based on internalization theory, the OLI paradigm and the OILL (i.e. OLI plus the learning motivation) paradigm. Then, the authors develop an evolutionary perspective to explore the survival of the fittest in the global markets and the natural selection of MNCs.FindingsThe eight papers selected for this special issue expand the authors’ understanding of globalized organizations' challenges, evolution and decline as well as offering a distinct opportunity to reconsider diverse extant theories about MNCs by suggesting an extension that accounts for the rise of various globalized organizations particularly in and from emerging markets.Originality/valueDespite increased numbers of MNCs, which struggle to survive and are faced with great risk of failure, the authors’ understanding of them still remains in infancy. While scholars have investigated diverse topics related to MNCs, existing studies have developed theories predominantly emphasizing MNC success. Thus, conventional theories in IB such as internalization theory and the OLI paradigm may not be sufficiently applicable to explain the phenomenon of MNC failure (i.e. MNC decline). Based on authors’ discussions, the authors believe this is an appropriate time to refine mainstream IB theories by concurrently considering both evolution and retrogression.

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Section: Summary Of Papers Chosen For This Special Issuementioning

confidence: 97%

The survival of the fittest in the global markets: multinational corporation challenge, evolution and decline

Park

Lee

2021

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“…In order to measure the performance metrics of FM outsourcing services, the appropriate quantifiable and measurable methodology is crucial. Lok et al [2] introduce the artificial intelligence approach using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), which quantifies and measures the FM outsourcing relationships objectively, robustly and scientifically.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lok et al [2] address and introduce the application of Artificial Neural Networks to the FM outsourcing relationship services model, such as building maintenance, cleaning, security and catering. The importance of artificial intelligence to FM outsourcing services is getting more and more critical in order to achieve better utilization of FM resources and better global health towards socio-economic development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sustainable Facility Management Outsourcing Relationships System: Artificial Neural Networks

Lok

So²,

Opoku

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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The Contingency Outsourcing Relationship (CORE) model originated from the Four Outsourcing Relationship Types (FORT) model; the CORE model is used in the globalized Facility Management (FM) industry, while the FORT model is originally used in the global information technology industry. The purpose of this paper is to thoroughly analyse the simulated case studies of the four different categories (i.e., in-house, technical expertise, commitment and common goals) of the CORE model from the perspective of the various clients. This study builds on the previous work on the outsourcing relationships between a client and a globalized FM service provider. It further explores the application of this model with the aid of artificial neural networks (ANNs) towards a sustainable future. A quantitative methodology through a survey is used to analyse eight outsourcing strategies for the four outsourcing relationships. A set of revised rules of the CORE is introduced and discussed regarding the approaches to investigate the four simulated outsourcing relationship systems. The study further reveals that an interesting understanding of the four outsourcing categories can be systematically and efficiently implemented into the FM outsourcing relationships through the methodology of scientific Artificial Intelligence (AI). It is concluded that FM outsourcing categorization may help to define the appropriate relationships. This further detailed outcome generated from the ANN can be clearly considered a strong and solid reference to define and explain the existing outsourcing relationships between the stakeholders and the service providers with the aim to assign an outsourcing category to the FM relationship between the client and service provider based on the learnt rules.

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“…This tailor-made proposed FM framework is called the Contingency Outsourcing Relationship (CORE) model [45]. Lok et al [45] explain the principle and application of the CORE model, which is capable of identifying the relationship between a client and FM service provider in the four categories (i.e., in-house, technical expertise, commitment and common goals). The rationale of the CORE model reflects the importance of the outsourcing category of an organisation.…”

Section: The Fort Model In Facilities Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study examines the CORE model in the specific context of the FM industry. Lok et al [45] explain a more detailed review of the dimensions of the CORE model from each axis-ownership, control, competitive positioning and long-term strategies.…”

Section: The Fort Model In Facilities Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenges of Sustainable Development on Facilities Management Outsourcing Services: An Investigation in Educational Facilities

et al. 2021

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(1) Background: Generally, firms are reluctant to report outsourcing failures, no matter what industry they operate within. To eliminate poor performance of outsourced service providers, it is necessary to establish a specific outsourcing relationship model for facilities management (FM). The purpose of this paper is to study the concept of outsourcing relationships in relation to FM and to investigate the design of the critical success factors on sustainable outsourcing strategies through a discussion of four dimensions (ownership of FM assets, control of FM assets, competitive position and long-term plan). (2) Methods: Based on two questionnaire surveys, data were collected from 38 clients and 34 service providers. The study evaluated the FM outsourcing strategies from critical success factors in educational facilities in Hong Kong. (3) Results: This study explains the impact of FM outsourcing strategies on Hong Kong’s four commonly outsourced FM contracts including building maintenance, security, cleaning and catering from the clients’ and service providers’ point of view. (4) Conclusions: This is the outsourcing way forward in order to create a better working environment conducive for all the parties that would result in better sustainability of FM’s future and thus impact the economic objectives of sustainable development, in parallel with adding social and environmental value.

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Globalized service providers’ perspective for facility management outsourcing relationships

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

The survival of the fittest in the global markets: multinational corporation challenge, evolution and decline

The survival of the fittest in the global markets: multinational corporation challenge, evolution and decline

A Sustainable Facility Management Outsourcing Relationships System: Artificial Neural Networks

The Challenges of Sustainable Development on Facilities Management Outsourcing Services: An Investigation in Educational Facilities

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