Global studies of cadmium in relation to Theobroma cacao: A bibliometric analysis from Scopus (1996 -2020)

Abstract

The maximum cadmium tolerance standards were established by the European Union in 2014, for the importation of cocoa-based products, causing concern in the countries. Global studies on Theobroma cacao research related to cadmium activity in the atmosphere were analyzed. Bibliometric analyses in R and VOSviewer programs were used to examine 64 documents published in the Scopus database according to keywords. We identified 811 keywords in the co-occurrence of terms, 5 thematic groups in the bibliographic coupling, 20 institutions as most important affiliations, 20 countries of origin of corresponding authors, 112 institutions in co-authorship network of which 5 are in primary documents, and two groups in thematic similarity in co-citation of documents. The United States leads the scientific production with 11 papers, followed by Colombia (8) and Ecuador (7). In 1996, the first scientific article was registered for the network, with increases of up to 11 publications by 2020. In conclusion, the need to strengthen and create more research networks between countries, institutions, authors, and co-authors is evident. It is hoped that the results will allow a comprehensive unraveling of the cadmium-cocoa research trajectory, while at the same time yielding new prospective research.

Identificación de las Limitaciones para la sostenibilidad del Cultivo de Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) Mediante un Diagnóstico Agroecológico

“…Igual coinciden con las de Marrufo et al (2015) quienes reflejaron que se deberían realizar diagnósticos que pueden aportar herramientas para identificar las diferentes condiciones en que se encuentran los productores, para luego planificar, y tomar decisiones en beneficio de todos los involucrados. Al respecto, García et al (2021b) indicaron que en Ecuador no se ha considerado el entorno rural y de producción del agricultor, con necesidad de mejoras en los mismos.…”

“…En este sentido, el clon CCN-51, ocupa el 50 % del área cultivada y representa el 80 % de la producción exportable de este país (Anzuales, 2022). Aunque se han propuesto planes para la mejora competitiva del cacao ecuatoriano, estos planes no han considerado el entorno de producción del agricultor, por lo que debe mejorarse ese entorno, fomentar la asociatividad y cooperativismo, mejorar la productividad, consumo del mercado nacional, consolidar el mercado internacional y la investigación orientada al mejoramiento (García et al, 2021b).…”

Effect of osmoregulatory on the secondary somatic embryogenesis of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)

“…Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is a tropical species native to the Amazon Basin of great economic importance to produce cocoa beans, the basis of the global chocolate industry [1,2]. Annual cocoa production represents more than US$10 billion in income for numerous farming families around the world, producing approximately 4.5 million tons of cocoa per year [3].…”